Download PDF
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Eur J Dent 2019; 13(01): 036-041
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1688685
Original Article
Dental Investigation Society

Comparison of Salivary Calcium Level in Dentulous and Edentulous Patients

Maryam Rabiei
1   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
,
Hamid Neshandar Asli
2   Department of Prostodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
,
Mohadeseh Haji Mohamadi
2   Department of Prostodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
06 June 2019 (online)

Also available at
   Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Objectives Calcium is an inorganic component of the saliva, which is especially important in oral and dental health. This study sought to compare unstimulated salivary calcium level of dentulous and edentulous patients.

Materials and Methods This case–control study was conducted on 72 participants, including 36 dentulous and 36 edentulous patients. The unstimulated salivary flow rate of patients and the mean salivary calcium concentration were measured and compared. The data were analyzed using the nonparametric Mann–Whitney U-test.

Results The mean age of participants was 56.3 years. The mean number of teeth was 18.9 in the dentulous group. No significant difference was noted in salivary calcium level of dentulous and edentulous patients. The mean salivary calcium concentration was 0.61 ± 0.3875 mmol/L in dentulous and 0.8025 ± 0.5975 mmol/L in edentulous patients. Salivary calcium level had a significant inverse correlation with salivary flow rate (r = –0.370, p = 0.027), and by every 1-unit increase in salivary flow rate, salivary level of calcium significantly decreased by 3.85 units.

Conclusion Edentate had averagely higher salivary calcium level compared to dentulous. The salivary concentration of calcium ion is not correlated to the presence or absence of teeth. Salivary flow rate reduces the calcium concentration.

Keywords

atomic absorption spectrophotometry - calcium - dental health survey - edentulous - mouth - saliva
 

  • References

  • 1 Aliko A, Wolff A, Dawes C. et al. World Workshop on Oral Medicine VI: clinical implications of medication-induced salivary gland dysfunction. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2015; 120 (02) 185-206
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 2 Khurshid Z, Zafar MS, Khan RS, Najeeb S, Slowey PD, Rehman IU. Role of salivary biomarkers in oral cancer detection. Adv Clin Chem 2018; 86: 23-70
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 3 Khurshid Z, Zohaib S, Najeeb S, Zafar MS, Slowey PD, Almas K. Human saliva collection devices for proteomics: an update. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17 6: E846
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 4 Mohamed R, Campbell JL, Cooper-White J, Dimeski G, Punyadeera C. The impact of saliva collection and processing methods on CRP, IgE, and myoglobin immunoassays. Clin Transl Med 2012; 1 (01) 19
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 5 Singh R, Pallagatti S, Sheikh S, Singh B, Arora G, Aggarwal A. Correlation of serum oestrogen with salivary calcium in post-menopausal women with and without oral dryness feeling. Gerodontology 2012; 29 (02) 125-129
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 6 Agha-Hosseini F, Mirzaii-Dizgah I, Moosavi MS. Relationship of serum and saliva calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase with dry mouth feeling in menopause. Gerodontology 2012; 29 (02) e1092-e1097
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 7 Liu J, Duan Y. Saliva: a potential media for disease diagnostics and monitoring. Oral Oncol 2012; 48 (07) 569-577
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 8 Ahmadi-Motamayel F, Goodarzi MT, Hendi SS, Abdolsamadi H, Rafieian N. Evaluation of salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity, calcium and total protein levels in caries free and caries active adolescence. J Dent Oral Hyg 2013; 5 (04) 35-39
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 9 Matsuo S, Lagerlöf F. Relationship between total and ionized calcium concentrations in human whole saliva and dental plaque fluid. Arch Oral Biol 1991; 36 (07) 525-527
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 10 Kavanagh DA, Svehla G. Variation of salivary calcium, phosphate and buffering capacity in adolescents. Arch Oral Biol 1998; 43 (12) 1023-1027
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 11 Anderson P, Hector MP, Rampersad MA. Critical pH in resting and stimulated whole saliva in groups of children and adults. Int J Paediatr Dent 2001; 11 (04) 266-273
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 12 Dawes C. What is the critical pH and why does a tooth dissolve in acid?. J Can Dent Assoc 2003; 69 (11) 722-724
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 13 Rabiei M, Masooleh IS, Leyli EK, Nikoukar LR. Salivary calcium concentration as a screening tool for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Int J Rheum Dis 2013; 16 (02) 198-202
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 14 Dawes C. Salivary flow patterns and the health of hard and soft oral tissues. J Am Dent Assoc 2008; 139 (Suppl) 18S-24S
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 15 Sewón LA, Karjalainen SM, Söderling E, Lapinleimu H, Simell O. Associations between salivary calcium and oral health. J Clin Periodontol 1998; 25 (11) Pt 1 915-919
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 16 Khan RS, Khurshid Z, Yahya Ibrahim Asiri F. Advancing point-of-care (PoC) testing using human saliva as liquid biopsy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2017; 7 (03) E39
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 17 Aro K, Wei F, Wong DT, Tu M. Saliva liquid biopsy for point-of-care applications. Front Public Health 2017; 5: 77
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 18 Khurshid Z. Salivary point-of-care technology. Eur J Dent 2018; 12 (01) 1-2
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 19 Maier H, Triebel C, Heidland A. The flow-rate-dependent excretion of ionized calcium in pilocarpine-stimulated human submandibular saliva. Arch Oral Biol 1983; 28 (10) 907-909
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 20 Singh B, Sheikh S, Pallagatti S, Kaur K, Sohi R. Evaluation of salivary calcium and salivary parathyroid levels in postmenopausal women with and without oral dryness. Contemp Clin Dent 2013; 4 (04) 488-492
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 21 Agha-Hosseini F, Mirzaii-Dizgah I, Moghaddam PP, Akrad ZT. Stimulated whole salivary flow rate and composition in menopausal women with oral dryness feeling. Oral Dis 2007; 13 (03) 320-323
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 22 Sewón L, Laine M, Karjalainen S, Leimola-Virtanen R, Hiidenkari T, Helenius H. The effect of hormone replacement therapy on salivary calcium concentrations in menopausal women. Arch Oral Biol 2000; 45 (03) 201-206
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 23 Sewón L, Laine M, Karjalainen S, Doroguinskaia A, Lehtonen-Veromaa M. Salivary calcium reflects skeletal bone density of heavy smokers. Arch Oral Biol 2004; 49 (05) 355-358
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 24 Sewón L, Mäkelä M. A study of the possible correlation of high salivary calcium levels with periodontal and dental conditions in young adults. Arch Oral Biol 1990; 35 (Suppl) 211S-212S
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 25 Larsen MJ, Jensen AF, Madsen DM, Pearce EI. Individual variations of pH, buffer capacity, and concentrations of calcium and phosphate in unstimulated whole saliva. Arch Oral Biol 1999; 44 (02) 111-117
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar