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DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1690770
A Reduction-Sensitive Fluorous Fluorogenic Coumarin
This work was funded by the following grants to E.M.S.: The University of California Cancer Research Coordinating Committee (UC CRCC, Grant No. CNR-18-524809), the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund (ACS PRF, Grant No. 57379-DNI4), the Alfred P. Sloan Award (FG-2018-10855), and the Hellman Fellows Award. M.A.M. and D.A.E. were supported by T32 training grants from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH, Grant No. 5T32GM008496 and 5T32GM067555-12). D.A.E. and R.A.D. were supported by the Majeti-Alapati Fellowship and the Paul Winstein Fellowship. NMR and HRMS data were obtained on instruments funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF, Grant No. MRI CHE-1048804) and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH, Grant No. 1S10OD016387-01), respectively.Publication History
Received: 25 October 2019
Accepted: 27 November 2019
Publication Date:
18 December 2019 (online)
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◊ These authors contributed equally to this work
Published as part of the Special Section 11th EuCheMS Organic Division Young Investigator Workshop
Abstract
Fluorophores that are sensitive to their environment are useful tools for sensing chemical changes and probing biological systems. Here, we extend responsive fluorophores to the fluorous phase with the synthesis of a reduction-sensitive fluorous-soluble fluorogenic coumarin. We demonstrate that this fluorophore responds to various reducing agents, most notably glutathione, a key biological reductant. The fluorous solubility of this probe allows for its encapsulation into two different fluorous nanomaterials: perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions and fluorous core-shell micelles. The fluorogenic coumarin allows us to study how efficiently these vehicles protect the contents of their interior from the external environment. In the presence of glutathione, we observe different degrees of release for micelles and emulsions. This understanding will help guide future applications of fluorous nanomaterials as drug delivery vehicles.
Key words
fluorous - fluorogenic - fluorofluorophore - perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions - fluorous micelles - glutathione responsive - coumarinSupporting Information
- Supporting information for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1690770. Included are Figures S1–S8 and experimental procedures.
- Supporting Information
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References and Notes
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