Download PDF
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Eur J Dent 2011; 05(01): 040-046
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1698857
Original Article
Dental Investigation Society

In Situ Investigation of the Remineralizing Effect of Saliva and Fluoride on Enamel Following Prophylaxis Using Sodium Bicarbonate

Gladis Benjamina Grazziotin
a   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Santa Cruz do Sul University, Santa Cruz do Sul -RS, Brazil.
,
Daniela Rios
b   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, USP - University of S㯠Paulo, Bauru-SP, Brazil.
,
Heitor Marques Honório
b   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, USP - University of S㯠Paulo, Bauru-SP, Brazil.
,
Salete Moura Bonifácio Silva
b   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, USP - University of S㯠Paulo, Bauru-SP, Brazil.
,
José Eduardo Oliveira Lima
b   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, USP - University of S㯠Paulo, Bauru-SP, Brazil.
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
30 September 2019 (online)

Also available at
  PDF Download Permissions and Reprints

ABSTRACT

Objectives: This in situ study evaluated the effect of saliva, associated or not with fluoride, on enamel previously submitted to prophylaxis using sodium bicarbonate. Methods: The study was conducted on enamel blocks submitted to in vitro prophylaxis using sodium bicarbonate. The blocks were randomly divided into 2 groups (G1/G2) and mounted on intraoral appliances wore by 10 volunteers. G1 blocks were directly exposed to saliva in situ, while blocks in G2 were exposed to saliva with fluoride (rinsing with 0.2% NaF solution during the initial minute). Enamel alterations were evaluated using surface microhardness and profilometry. Enamel hardness data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests and surface wear was evaluated using paired t test (P<.05). Results: No significant differences were found between G1 and G2 for enamel hardness and wear. The wear after prophylaxis was not different from the wear after the in situ stage. Baseline mean values of enamel hardness, after prophylaxis and after the in situ stage were 340±16.6, 329±35.7 and 354±37.8 for G1 and 338±15.6, 312±46.3 and 340±21.8 for G2, respectively. Conclusions: It was concluded that saliva alone exhibited a similar effect to saliva associated with fluoride; after 4h of in situ remineralization, there was no recovery in height of the enamel structure that had been lost due to the application of sodium bicarbonate. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:40-46)

Key words:

Saliva - Fluoride - Wear - Dental enamel
 

  • REFERENCES

  • 1 Honório HM, Rios D, Santos CF, Magalhães AC, Buzalaf MA, Machado MA. Effects of erosive, cariogenic or combined erosive/cariogenic challenges on human enamel: an in situ/ex vivo study. Caries Res 2008;42:454-459.
  • 2 Keyes PH. The infectious and transmissible nature of experimental dental caries. Findings and implications. Arch Oral Biol 1960;1:304-320.
  • 3 Kidd EA, Fejerskov O. What constitutes dental caries? Histopathology of carious enamel and dentin related to the action of cariogenic biofilms. J Dent Res 2004;83:C35-C38.
  • 4 Takahashi N, Nyvad B. Caries ecology revisited: microbial dynamics and the caries process. Caries Res 2008;42:409- 418.
  • 5 Gustafsson BE, Quensel CE, Lanke LS, Lundqvist C, Grahnen H, Bonow BE, Krasse B. The Vipeholm dental caries study; the effect of different levels of carbohydrate intake on caries activity in 436 individuals observed for five years. Acta Odontol Scand 1954;11:232-264.
  • 6 Harris R. Biology of the children of hopewood house, bowral, australia.
  • 7 Observations on dental-caries experience extending over five years (1957-61). J Dent Res 1963;42:1387-1399.
  • 8 Ccahuana-Vásquez RA, Tabchoury CP, Tenuta LM, Del Bel Cury AA, Vale GC, Cury JA. Effect of frequency of sucrose exposure on dental biofilm composition and enamel demineralization in the presence of fluoride. Caries Res 2007;41:9-15.
  • 9 Hellwig E, Lussi A. What is the optimum fluoride concentration needed for the remineralization process? Caries Res 2001;35:57-59.
  • 10 Paes-Leme A, Dalcico R, Tabchoury C, Del Bel Cury A, Rosalen P, Cury J. In situ effect of frequent sucrose exposure on enamel demineralization and on plaque composition after APF application and F dentifrice use. J Dent Res 2004;83:71-75.
  • 11 Fejerskov O, Manji F, Baelum V. The nature and mechanisms of dental fluorosis in man. J Dent Res 1990;69:692- 700.
  • 12 Axelsson P, Lindhe J, Nystrom B. On the prevention of caries and periodontal disease. Results of a 15-year longitudinal study in adults. J Clin Periodontol 1991;18:182-189.
  • 13 Axelsson P, Lindhe J, Waseby J. The effect of various plaque control measures on gingivitis and caries in schoolchildren. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1976;4:232-239.
  • 14 Axelsson P, Lindhe J. Effect of oral hygiene instruction and professional toothcleaning on caries and gingivitis in schoolchildren. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1981;9:251- 255.
  • 15 Axelsson P, Lindhe J. The effect of a preventive programme on dental plaque, gingivitis and caries in schoolchildren. Results after one and two years. J Clin Periodontol 1974;1:126-138.
  • 16 Holmen L, Mejare I, Malmgren B, Thylstrup A. The effect of regular professional plaque removal on dental caries in vivo. A polarized light and scanning electron microscope study. Caries Res 1988;22:250-256.
  • 17 Strand GV, Raadal M. The efficiency of cleaning fissures with an air-polishing instrument. Acta Odontol Scand 1988;46:113-117.
  • 18 Weaks LM, Lescher NB, Barnes CM, Holroyd SV. Clinical evaluation of the Prophy-Jet as an instrument for routine removal of tooth stain and plaque. J Periodontol 1984;55:486-488.
  • 19 Honório HM, Rios D, Abdo RCC, Machado MAAM. Effect of different prophylaxis methods on sound and demineralized enamel. J Appl Oral Sci 2006;14:117-123.
  • 20 Hosoya Y, Johnston JW. Evaluation of various cleaning and polishing methods on primary enamel. J Pedod 1989;13:253-269.
  • 21 Ribeiro HZV, Lima JEO, Vono BG, Machado MAAM, Silva SMB. Airpolishing effect on bovine enamel and the posterior remineralizing effect of saliva. An in vitro study. J Appl Oral Sci 2006;14:193-197.
  • 22 Mandel ID. The functions of saliva. J Dent Res 1987;66:623- 627.
  • 23 Llena C, Forner L, Baca P. Anticariogenicity of casein phosphopeptide- amorphous calcium phosphate: a review of the literature. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009;10:1-9.
  • 24 Magalhães AC, Rios D, Honório HM, Jorge AM Jr, Delbem AC, Buzalaf MA. Effect of 4% titanium tetrafluoride solution on dental erosion by a soft drink: an in situ/ex vivo study. Arch Oral Biol 2008;53:399-404.
  • 25 Koulourides T, Chien MC. The ICT in situ experimental model in dental research. J Dent Res 1992;71:822-827.
  • 26 Zero DT. In situ caries models. Adv Dent Res 1995;9:214- 230.
  • 27 Amaechi BT, Higham SM, Edgar WM. Factors affecting the development of carious lesions in bovine teeth in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 1998;43:619-628.
  • 28 Featherstone JD, Mellberg JR. Relative rates of progress of artificial carious lesions in bovine, ovine and human enamel. Caries Res 1981;15:109-114.
  • 29 Mellberg JR. Hard-tissue substrates for evaluation of cariogenic and anti-cariogenic activity in situ. J Dent Res 1992;71:913-919.
  • 30 Sato I, Sunohara M, Mikami A, Yoshida S, Sato T. Comparison between deciduous and permanent incisor teeth in morphology of bovine enamel. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 1999;76:131-135.
  • 31 Manning RH, Edgar WM. Intra-oral models for studying deand remineralization in man: methodology and measurement. J Dent Res 1992;71:895-900.
  • 32 Arends J, Christoffersen J. Nature and role of loosely bound fluoride in dental caries. J Dent Res 1990;69:601-605.
  • 33 Ogaard B, Rolla G, Dijkman T, Ruben J, Arends J. Effect of fluoride mouthrinsing on caries lesion development in shark enamel: an in situ caries model study. Scand J Dent Res 1991;99:372-377.
  • 34 Ogaard B, Rolla G, Helgeland K. Uptake and retention of alkali-solube and alkali-insoluble fluoride in sound enamel in vivo after mouthrinses with 0.05% or 0.2% NaF. Caries Res 1983;17:520-524.
  • 35 Bruun C, Lambrou D, Larsen MJ, Fejerskov O, Thylstrup A. Fluoride in mixed human saliva after different topical fluoride treatments and possible relation to caries inhibition. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1982;10:124-129.
  • 36 Bruun C, Givskov H, Thylstrup A. Whole saliva fluoride after toothbrushing with NaF and MFP dentifrice with different F concentrations. Caries Res 1984;18:282-288.
  • 37 Eakle WS, Featherstone JD, Weintraub JA, Shain SG, Gansky SA. Salivary fluoride levels following application of fluoride varnish or fluoride rinse. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2004;32:462-469.
  • 38 Cruz R, Ogaard B, Rolla G. Uptake of KOH-soluble and KOH-insoluble fluoride in sound human enamel after topical application of a fluoride varnish (Duraphat) or a neutral 2% NaF solution in vitro. Scand J Dent Res 1992;100:154-158.
  • 39 Damato FA, Strang R, Stephen KW. Effect of fluoride concentration on remineralization of carious enamel: an in vitro ph-cycling study. Caries Res 1990;24:174-180. Remineralizing effect of saliva and fluoride