Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-101287
Supplementation in Leistungssport, Freizeitsport und Fitness
Publication History
Publication Date:
11 May 2015 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Die meisten Supplemente (Nahrungsergänzungsmittel) führen zu keiner direkten Steigerung der sportlichen Leistungsfähigkeit. Hierzu zählen Vitamine und Mineralien, einschließlich der Spurenelemente. Ein fehlender Einfluss weiterer Supplemente auf die Leistungsfähigkeit bedeutet aber nicht gleich deren Wirkungslosigkeit. Einige Supplemente weisen nützliche Stoffwechseleffekte und fördernden Einfluss auf die Regeneration auf. Einen wissenschaftlich nachgewiesenen Einfluss auf die sportliche Leistungsfähigkeit haben Kohlenhydratkonzentrate, Koffein, Creatin und Aminosäurenkonzentrate. Der Bedarf an Supplementen sollte sich an der Höhe der Trainingsbelastung bzw. am Energieumsatz orientieren.
Abstract
Most supplements (dietary supplements) do not lead to direct improvement in athletic performance. These supplements include vitamins and minerals (including trace elements). While supplements are not shown to increase performance, they are proven to have beneficial metabolic effects. Some supplements have beneficial effects in the beginning stages of increased training and promote recovery after hard training sessions. Scientific evidence shows that carbohydrate concentrates, caffeine, creatine and amino acids concentrates help to improve athletic performance in different ways. The intake of supplements should be estimated based on the level of the trainings load (energy expenditure), different training and nutrition situations (eg. abroad, altitude training, vegetarianism) and states of recovery.
-
Literatur
- 1 Bjerkan K, Helle C, Holm H. Nutritional Supplement in Norwegian Elite Athletes. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2000; 33 Suppl.: 562-
- 2 Burd NA, West DW, Moore DR et al. Actions of caffeine in the brain with special reference to factors that contribute to its widespread use. Pharmacol. Rev. 1999; 51 (1): 83-133
- 3 Goldstein ER, Ziegenfuss T, Kalman D et al. International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and performance. J Int Sci Sports Nutr 2010; 7 (1): 5-
- 4 Fredholm BB. Are methylxanthine effects due to antagonism of endogenous adenosine?. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1980; 1: 129-132
- 5 Moore DR, Tang JE, Burd NA et al. Differential stimulation of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmatic protein synthesis with protein ingestion at rest and after resistance exercise. J. Physiol. 2009; 587: 897-904
- 7 Rawson ES, Perski AM (2007) Mechanisms of muscular adaptations to creatine supplementation. Int. Sportmed. J. 2007; 8 (2): 43-53
- 8 Rennie MJ, Baker SK, Phillips SM. Enhanced Amino Acid Sensitivity of Neofibrillar Protein Synthesis Persists for up 24 h after Resistance Exercise in Young Men. Am. Society Nutr. 2011; 141 (4): 568-573
- 9 Smokmen B, Armstrong LE, Kraemer WJ et al. Caffeine use in sports: Considerations for the athlete. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2008; 22: 978-986
- 10 Volek JS, Duncan ND, Mazzetti SA et al. Performance and muscle fiber adaptations in creatine supplementation and heavy resistance training. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 1999; 31: 1147-1156
- 6 Neumann G. Ernährung im Sport. 7. Aufl. Aachen: Meyer & Meyer; 2014