Augenheilkunde up2date, Inhaltsverzeichnis

Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2015; 5(2): 91-107
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-101792

Bindehaut, Hornhaut, Lederhaut

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Diagnostik von Binde- und Hornhauterkrankungen

Teil 2: Diagnostik infektiöser Hornhaut- und BindehauterkrankungenDiagnostics of Infectious Corneal and Conjunctival Diseases

M. Roth

Universitätsaugenklinik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf

,

S. Schrader

Universitätsaugenklinik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf

,

D. Finis

Universitätsaugenklinik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf

,

K. Spaniol

Universitätsaugenklinik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf

,

C. MacKenzie

Universitätsaugenklinik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf

,

P. Ackermann

Universitätsaugenklinik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf

,

G. Geerling

Universitätsaugenklinik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf

› Institutsangaben

Alle Artikel dieser Rubrik

Dieser Beitrag liefert einen Überblick über die wichtigsten diagnostischen Methoden zum Nachweis infektiöser Hornhaut- und Bindehauterkrankungen. Zudem werden praktische Tipps zur korrekten Gewinnung und zum Umgang mit dem Probenmaterial gegeben, um schnellstmöglich den Erreger identifizieren und eine zielgerichtete Therapie einleiten zu können.

Literatur
1 Kleinfeld J, Ellis PP. Inhibition of microorganisms by topical anesthetics. Appl Microbiol 1967; 15: 1296-1298
2 Kowalski RP, Kowalski TA, Shanks RM et al. In vitro comparison of combination and monotherapy for the empiric and optimal coverage of bacterial keratitis based on incidence of infection. Cornea 2013; 32: 830-834
3 Adebayo A, Parikh JG, McCormick SA et al. Shifting trends in in vitro antibiotic susceptibilities for common bacterial conjunctival isolates in the last decade at the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2011; 249: 111-119
4 Copeland RA. Copeland and Afshariʼs principles and practice of cornea. Copeland RA jr., Afshari N, eds. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2012
5 Messmer EM. [Bacterial conjunctivitis-diagnosis and therapy update]. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 2012; 229: 529-533
6 Yanoff M, Duker JS, Augsburger JJ. Ophthalmology. St. Louis: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014
7 Høvding G. Acute bacterial conjunctivitis. Acta Ophthalmol 2008; 86: 5-17
8 Dahlgren MA, Lingappan A, Wilhelmus KR. The clinical diagnosis of microbial keratitis. Am J Ophthalmol 2007; 143: 940-944
9 Szentmáry N, Goebels S, Matoula P et al. Die Akanthamöbenkeratitis – ein seltenes und oft spät diagnostiziertes Chamäleon. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 2012; 229: 521-528
10 Nithyanandam S, Stephen J, Joseph M et al. Factors affecting visual outcome in herpes zoster ophthalmicus: a prospective study. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2010; 38: 845-850
11 Yoshida M, Hayasaka S, Yamada T et al. Ocular findings in japanese patients with varicella-zoster virus infection. Ophthalmologica 2005; 219: 272-275
12 Kaye SB, Rao PG, Smith G et al. Simplifying collection of corneal specimens in cases of suspected bacterial keratitis. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41: 3192-3197
13 Pakzad-Vaezi K, Levasseur SD, Schendel S et al. The corneal ulcer one-touch study: a simplified microbiological specimen collection method. Am J Ophthalmol 2015; 159: 37-43.e1
14 Kuo IC, Cevallos V, Troyer R et al. Efficacy of transport media use versus direct inoculation of blood agar plates in the microbiologic evaluation of experimental Streptococcus pneumoniae keratitis. Cornea 2003; 22: 249-253
15 McLeod SD, Kumar A, Cevallos V et al. Reliability of transport medium in the laboratory evaluation of corneal ulcers. Am J Ophthalmol 2005; 140: 1027-1031
16 Mandler F, Sfondrini D. [Evaluation of survival of bacteria on dry swabs and transport systems (authorʼs transl)]. Ann Sclavo 1977; 19: 537-545
17 Goldschmidt P, Rostane H, Saint-Jean C et al. Effects of topical anaesthetics and fluorescein on the real-time PCR used for the diagnosis of Herpesviruses and Acanthamoeba keratitis. Br J Ophthalmol 2006; 90: 1354-1356
18 Stroop WG, Chen TM, Chodosh J et al. PCR assessment of HSV-1 corneal infection in animals treated with rose bengal and lissamine green B. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000; 41: 2096-2102
19 Younger JR, Johnson RD, Holland GN et al. UCLA Cornea Service. Microbiologic and histopathologic assessment of corneal biopsies in the evaluation of microbial keratitis. Am J Ophthalmol 2012; 154: 512-519.e2
20 Niki M, Eguchi H, Hayashi Y et al. Ineffectiveness of intrastromal voriconazole for filamentous fungal keratitis. Clin Ophthalmol 2014; 8: 1075-1079
21 Brooks JG, Coster DJ. Non-ulcerative fungal keratitis diagnosed by posterior lamellar biopsy. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1993; 21: 115-119
22 Perry JL. Assessment of swab transport systems for aerobic and anaerobic organism recovery. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35: 1269-1271
23 Stoner KA, Rabe LK, Austin MN et al. Quantitative survival of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms in Port-A-Cul and Copan transport systems. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46: 2739-2744
24 Liesegang TJ, Forster RK. Spectrum of microbial keratitis in South Florida. Am J Ophthalmol 1980; 90: 38-47
25 Bhadange Y, Sharma S, Das S et al. Role of liquid culture media in the laboratory diagnosis of microbial keratitis. Am J Ophthalmol 2013; 156: 745-751
26 Madhavan HN, Rao SK, Natarajan K et al. Evaluation of laboratory tests for diagnosis of chlamydial infections in conjunctival specimens. Indian J Med Res 1994; 100: 5-9
27 Sharma S, Kunimoto DY, Gopinathan U. Evaluation of corneal scraping smear examination methods in the diagnosis of bacterial and fungal keratitis: a survey of eight years of laboratory experience. Cornea 2002; 21: 643-647
28 Eleinen KG, Mohalhal AA, Elmekawy HE et al. Polymerase chain reaction-guided diagnosis of infective keratitis - a hospital-based study. Curr Eye Res 2012; 37: 1005-1011
29 Goldschmidt P, Degorge S, Benallaoua D et al. Rapid detection and simultaneous molecular profile characterization of Acanthamoeba infections. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 74: 137-141
30 Goldschmidt P, Degorge S, Benallaoua D et al. New strategy for rapid diagnosis and characterization of keratomycosis. Ophthalomology 2012; 119: 945-950
31 Itahashi M, Higaki S, Fukuda M et al. Detection and quantification of pathogenic bacteria and fungi using real-time polymerase chain reaction by cycling probe in patients with corneal ulcer. Arch Ophthalmol 2010; 128: 535-540
32 Tananuvat N, Salakthuantee K, Vanittanakom N et al. Prospective comparison between conventional microbial work-up vs PCR in the diagnosis of fungal keratitis. Eye (Lond) 2012; 26: 1337-1343
33 Panda A, Pal Singh T, Satpathy G et al. Comparison of polymerase chain reaction and standard microbiological techniques in presumed bacterial corneal ulcers. Int Ophthalmol 2015; 35: 159-165
34 Vengayil S, Panda A, Satpathy G et al. Polymerase chain reaction-guided diagnosis of mycotic keratitis: a prospective evaluation of its efficacy and limitations. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 50: 152-156
35 Taravati P, Lam D, Van Gelder RN. Role of molecular diagnostics in ocular microbiology. Curr Ophthalmol Rep 2013; 1: 181-189
36 Meyer-Rüsenberg B, Loderstädt U. Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis: the current situation and recommendations for prevention and treatment. Dtsch Ärztebl Int 2011; 108 (27) 475-480
37 Sambursky R, Tauber S, Schirra F et al. The RPS adeno detector for diagnosing adenoviral conjunctivitis. Ophthalmology 2006; 113: 1758-1764
38 Mielke J, Grüb M, Freudenthaler N et al. [Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. Detecting adenoviruses]. Ophthalmologe 2005; 102: 968-970
39 Hoshino T, Takanashi T, Okada M et al. Oxybuprocaine induces a false-positive response in immunochromatographic SAS Adeno Test. Ophthalmology 2002; 109: 808-809
40 Vaddavalli PK, Garg P, Sharma S et al. Role of confocal microscopy in the diagnosis of fungal and acanthamoeba keratitis. Ophthalmology 2011; 118: 29-35
41 Tu EY, Joslin CE, Sugar J et al. The relative value of confocal microscopy and superficial corneal scrapings in the diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis. Cornea 2008; 27: 764-772
42 Hau SC, Dart JK, Vesaluoma M et al. Diagnostic accuracy of microbial keratitis with in vivo scanning laser confocal microscopy. Br J Ophthalmol 2010; 94: 982-987
43 Kanavi MR, Javadi M, Yazdani S et al. Sensitivity and specificity of confocal scan in the diagnosis of infectious keratitis. Cornea 2007; 26: 782-786
44 Nakagawa H, Uchida Y, Takamura E et al. Diagnostic impression cytology for herpes simplex keratitis. Jpn J Ophthalmol 1993; 37: 505-513
45 Sawada Y, Yuan C, Huang AJ. Impression cytology in the diagnosis of acanthamoeba keratitis with surface involvement. Am J Ophthalmol 2004; 137: 323-328
46 Subhan S, Jose RJ, Duggirala A et al. Diagnosis of herpes simplex virus-1 keratitis: comparison of Giemsa stain, immunofluorescence assay and polymerase chain reaction. Curr Eye Res 2004; 29: 209-213