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Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie up2date 2015; 10(03): 215-227
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-101820
Beckengürtel und untere Extremität
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Biomechanik des Meniskus

L. Dürselen
,
M. Freutel
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Publication History

Publication Date:
26 June 2015 (online)

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Die Hauptfunktion der knorpeligen Menisken des Kniegelenks ist die Reduzierung des Druckes auf den femoralen und tibialen Gelenkflächen. Die biomechanische Funktion der Menisken wird durch ihre spezielle Anatomie und ihren ultrastrukturellen Aufbau gewährleistet. Daneben kommt auch den meniskotibialen Bändern eine entscheidende Bedeutung zu.

Meniskusverletzungen machen häufig Teil- oder – seltener – die Totalresektion eines Meniskus erforderlich. Dies führt zur signifikanten Erhöhung des Kontaktdruckes und in der Folge nicht selten zu Gelenkarthrose.

Um die Funktionsweise des Meniskus und die Auswirkungen von Verletzungen und operativen Eingriffen auf die Kniegelenkmechanik zu verstehen, ist ein Grundverständnis des anatomischen Aufbaus und der biomechanischen Funktionsweise des Meniskus sowie seiner Materialeigenschaften erforderlich. Dieser Artikel soll dem Orthopäden und Unfallchirurgen einen Überblick über die biomechanische Funktionsweise des Meniskus und seiner operativen Behandlung geben.

 

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    • Zum Weiterlesen und Vertiefen

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