Personalbedarf einer Intensivstation unter Berücksichtigung geltender Hygienerichtlinien

Zusammenfassung

Die Anzahl der behandelten Patienten auf Intensivstationen nimmt immer mehr zu. Lebensalter, Komorbiditäten und komplexe Behandlungsmethoden führen zu einem Anstieg von Patienten, die mit Antibiotika-resistenten Erregern entweder kolonisiert oder infiziert sind. Für die Vermeidung nosokomialer Infektionen spielen Hygienerichtlinien eine wichtige Rolle. In dieser Arbeit untersuchen wir den Zeitaufwand von Pflegekräften bei der Versorgung von Intensivpatienten an fünf Modellpatienten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der derzeitige Personalbedarfsplan unter den gegebenen Hygienerichtlinien nicht ausreicht. Danach ist eine 1:1-Betreuung unbedingt notwendig. In einer nationalen Umfrage unter Universitätskliniken wurde ein Verhältnis von Pflegekraft zu Patienten von 1:2,47 ermittelt. Pflegekräften auf Intensivstationen ist die Hygieneproblematik bekannt und wichtig – mit hohem persönlichen Einsatz versuchen sie, diese umzusetzen.

Abstract

The patient burden in intensive care units (ICU) has continually increased worldwide over the past decades. Age, co-morbidities and an increasing complexity of conditions and treatments increase the number of patients who are either colonized or infected with antibiotic-resistant pathogens. To prevent nosocomial infections, hygiene guidelines play an important role. In this paper, we investigate the time needed for nursing of five hypothetical critically ill patients in the intensive care unit. The results show that current staffing is not sufficient under the given hygiene guidelines and that a nurse to patient ratio of one will be necessary to meet the requirements. In a national survey of university hospitals, however, we found that the current nurse to patient ratio is 1: 2.47 in German intensive care units. The apparent staffing shortage is compensated by an extraordinary personal commitment of nurses caring for patients in the ICU.

Schlüsselwörter

Intensivstation - Personalbedarf - Hygiene - nosokomiale Infektionen

Keywords

Intensive care unit - staffing needs - hygiene - nosocomial infections

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