Schlafstörungen – ein praktischer Leitfaden

Zusammenfassung

Schlafstörungen gehen einher mit Einschränkungen der Leistungsfähigkeit im sozialen und beruflichen Bereich sowie Ausbildung akuter und chronischer Krankheiten. Die Prävalenz ist hoch. Der volkswirtschaftliche Schaden wird als bedeutend eingeschätzt. Der überwiegende Teil der unter dem Begriff „Schlafstörungen“ zusammengefassten Krankheitsentitäten ist gut behandelbar und damit als prognostisch günstig einzustufen. Die Diagnose kann in vielen Fällen ohne apparative Zusatzdiagnostik allein durch Anamnese und klinische Untersuchung entscheidend eingekreist werden. Hierzu sind allerdings schlafmedizinische Basiskenntnisse erforderlich, die dieser Artikel vermitteln will.

Abstract

Sleep disorders are frequent. Economic costs and impairment of quality of life can be substantial. Usually, patients suffer from insomnia or hypersomnia. Several effective therapeutic options are available. Sleep disorders appear independently or accompany a multitude of organic and psychiatric diseases. Fatigue has to be distinguished from sleep disorders clearly. For classification, the ICSD-3, published by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, is used. Patients should be explicitly asked for their sleep quality, for many do not report actively. Patient’s history and clinical examination usually narrow the diagnosis to a large extent. Clinical diagnostics should be carried out according to the diagnostic algorithm by the German Sleep Society (DGSM). An optimal sleep hygiene and if necessary weight reduction are crucial and can prevent chronification and health consequences. In addition, assistive technology, drug therapy, behaviour therapy, and in few cases surgery are available.

Schlüsselwörter

Schlafstörungen - Insomnie - Hypersomnie

Keywords

sleep disorders - insomnia - hypersomnia

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