Tumormarker zur Früherkennung – sinnvoll oder sinnlos?

Zusammenfassung

Die Früherkennung von Krebserkrankungen soll eine Senkung von Mortalität und Morbidität bewirken. Dies beinhaltet, dass die untersuchte Erkrankung effektiv in frühen Stadien behandelbar ist. Tumormarker haben sich als Instrument zum Screening von gesunden Populationen bisher nicht etablieren können, da ihnen Sensitivität und Spezifität fehlen. Um Tumormarker im Screening einzusetzen, müssen Marker oder Markerprofile mit hoher Sensitivität und Spezifität gefunden und wenn nötig wiederholt bestimmt werden. An neuartigen Tumormarkern könnten microRNA, Antikörper gegen Tumorantigene, zellfreie DNA oder auch Exosomen in Zukunft zur Verfügung stehen. In der Nachsorge von Krebserkrankungen kann die Überwachung eines Tumormarkers bereits heute zur Früherkennung von Rezidiven eingesetzt werden.

Abstract

Screening programs for early detection of cancer aim to reduce mortality and mobidity. Therefore, effective therapy for early stages of the respective disease should be available. Tumor markers are not established tools for screening of healthy populations since they lack sensitivity and specificity in detecting diseases. Nevertheless, screening with tumor markers would be an attractive tool since side effects of other screening modalities (radiation endoscopy etc) are avoided. To implement tumor markers in screening programs, markers or marker profiles with higher sensitivity and specificity are needed. Novel tumor markers may include microRNA, antibodies directed against tumor-specific antigens, cell-free DNA as well as cir culating exosomes. Tumor markers may already be used in some follow-up care settings to detect recurrences at an early stage.

Schlüsselwörter

Screening - Früherkennung - Tumormarker

Keywords

screening - early detection - tumor marker

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