Asthma Update 2015 – Was die zellbiologisch-pneumologische Grundlagenforschung dem Lungenarzt anbieten kann

Zusammenfassung

Asthma bronchiale ist eine der häufigsten chronisch-entzündlichen Erkrankungen weltweit und verursacht vor allem in industrialisierten Ländern erhebliche sozioökonomische Kosten. Asthma wird zunehmend als eine polysymptomatische Krankheit verstanden, die eine ganze Reihe unterscheidbarer Asthmaphänotypen bzw. molekular definierter Asthmaendotypen umfasst. Diese Heterogenität des Asthmas erklärt ihrerseits, warum die Standardmedikation mit inhalativen Steroiden und β-Sympathomimetika nicht in allen Fällen, vor allem nicht während akuter Exazerbationen, eine vollständige Symptomkontrolle ermöglicht. Dementsprechend stehen derzeit Konzepte zur primären Asthmaprävention sowie phänotyp- bzw. endotypspezifische Therapieansätze im Fokus der Asthmaforschung.

Abstract

Bronchial asthma is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases world-wide causing an enormous socio-economic burden especially in industrialized countries. Currently, asthma is increasingly considered to be a poly-symptomatic disease comprising a variety of different asthma phenotypes and endotypes. This heterogeneity of asthma explains why the standard treatment with corticosteroids and β-agonists cannot achieve full symptom control in all cases, especially not during acute exacerbations. Therefore, current asthma research focuses on primary prevention of asthma as well as on novel approaches towards a phenotype- and endotype-specific asthma therapy.

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