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Zentralbl Chir 2016; 141(02): 220-228
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-109548
Übersicht
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Molekularpathologische Aspekte in der Viszeralchirurgie

Molecular Pathological Aspects in Visceral Surgery
T. Unger
Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Deutschland
,
I. Sändig
Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Deutschland
,
C. Wittekind
Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Deutschland
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
13 April 2016 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Der Erkenntnisgewinn im Bereich der molekularen Medizin hat zu fundamentalen Erweiterungen in der Diagnostik und in der Behandlung von Krebspatienten geführt. Einen unverzichtbaren Beitrag zu dieser individualisierten Therapie leistet die molekulare Diagnostik in der Pathologie, die durch die Identifikation und Interpretation von charakteristischen genetischen Veränderungen (Biomarker) in einzelnen Zellen und Geweben spezifische Informationen zur Diagnosesicherung und Therapie zahlreicher Erkrankungen beitragen kann. Besonders im Hinblick auf den Einsatz neuer zielgerichteter Medikamente, deren Ansprechen in vielen Fällen vom Vorliegen oder Fehlen bestimmter Zielstrukturen oder genetischer Veränderungen abhängig ist, erlangen die molekularpathologischen Bestimmungen prädiktiver Biomarker einen zunehmenden Stellenwert und unterstützen die klinischen Kollegen in der Wahl der optimalen Therapie für den einzelnen Patienten. Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist es, allgemeine Aspekte der molekularen Tumorpathologie relevanter Tumorentitäten zu erläutern und hinsichtlich verfügbarer zielgerichteter Therapien vorzustellen.

Abstract

New insights gained in the field of molecular medicine have led to fundamental progress in the diagnosis and treatment of tumour patients. Individualised treatment has been essentially facilitated by molecular diagnostics, which, by identifying and interpreting characteristic genetic alterations (biomarkers) in single cells and tissues, provide specific information to confirm the diagnosis and support the treatment of numerous diseases. Particularly with regard to the use of new targeted drugs, which often require the presence or absence of specific target structures or genetic alterations to induce response, the molecular pathological determination of predictive biomarkers plays an increasing role and helps clinicians to decide on optimal therapies for individual patients. The aim of this review is to highlight general aspects of molecular tumour pathology for relevant tumour entities and to present available targeted therapies.

Schlüsselwörter

Molekularpathologie - zielgerichtete Therapien - Viszeralchirurgie - Mutationen

Key words

molecular pathology - targeted therapies - visceral surgery - mutations
 

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