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Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2016; 233(09): 1033-1042
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-110448
Übersicht
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Update minimalinvasive lamelläre Keratoplastik: DMEK, DSAEK und DALK

Update Minimally Invasive Lamellar Keratoplasty: DMEK, DSAEK and DALK
C. Cursiefen   *
Zentrum für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Köln
,
F. Schaub   *
Zentrum für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Köln
,
B. O. Bachmann
Zentrum für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Köln
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

eingereicht 10 November 2015

akzeptiert 27 November 2015

Publication Date:
14 July 2016 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund: Das Spektrum an operativen Möglichkeiten bei kornealen Pathologien, die eine Keratoplastik erfordern, hat sich in den letzten Jahren deutlich erweitert. Zu dem bisher gängigen durchgreifenden Hornhautersatz (perforierende Keratoplastik) sind die lamellären Transplantationstechniken hinzugekommen, bei welchen selektiv und minimalinvasiv nur die erkrankte Schicht ersetzt werden kann. Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist es, aktuelle Möglichkeiten, Indikationen, typische Komplikationen und Strategien zur Standardisierung der lamellären Keratoplastiken aufzuzeigen. Material und Methoden: Eine Literaturübersicht aus PubMed und eigene Daten und Erfahrungen werden zusammengefasst. Ergebnisse: Mittels der „Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty“ (DMEK), der „Descemt Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty“ (DSAEK) und der „Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty“ (DALK) kann bei Patienten mit Erkrankungen des Hornhautendothels oder des anterioren Stromas ein minimalinvasiver Hornhautersatz mit reduziertem Komplikationsrisiko angeboten werden. Schlussfolgerung: DMEK und DSAEK gelten inzwischen international als Operationstechnik der Wahl bei Endothelerkrankungen wie der Fuchs-Endotheldystrophie. Die DALK bei Pathologien des anterioren Stromas wie dem Keratokonus benötigt noch weitere Standardisierungen, um jenseits spezialisierter Zentren in größerer Zahl durchgeführt zu werden. Die Vorteile der lamellären Keratoplastiken liegen insbesondere in den guten Visusergebnissen und deutlich weniger auftretenden immunologischen Transplantatreaktionen. Auch intraoperative Komplikationen sind seltener. Langfristig ist eine weitere Standardisierung der Verfahren sowie deren Etablierung als primäre Standardverfahren wünschenswert.

Abstract

Background: The spectrum of operative interventions in corneal disorders requiring keratoplasty has been expanded considerably in recent years. In addition to the standard technique with full-thickness replacement of the cornea (perforating keratoplasty), lamellar techniques have been introduced. The aim of this review is to highlight current opportunities, indications and complications, as well as possible strategies to standardise lamellar keratoplasties. Materials and Methods: Our own data and a review of the literature in PubMed are summarised. Results: Performing “Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty” (DMEK), “Descemt Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty” (DSAEK) and “Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty” (DALK) can provide patients with disorders of the corneal endothelium or the anterior corneal stroma with minimally invasive corneal grafts at a reduced risk of complications. Conclusion: DMEK and DSAEK are now internationally the surgical methods of choice in patients with endothelial corneal pathologies, i.e. in Fuchsʼ Endothelial Dystrophy. The DALK technique for lamellar replacement of the anterior stroma, i.e. in keratoconus, needs further standardisation, so that DALK can in future be performed more often even in less specialised departments. Major advantages of lamellar keratoplasties are the very good results in visual outcome and fewer immune reactions or graft rejections. Even intraoperative complications are rare. In the long term, further strategies are desirable for the standardisation of lamellar keratoplasties and its establishment as the primary standard procedure.

Schlüsselwörter

DMEK - DSAEK - DALK - lamelläre Keratoplastik - Endothel - Keratokonus

Key words

DMEK - DSAEK - DALK - lamellar keratoplasty - endothelial - keratoconus

* Prof. Dr. C. Cursiefen und Dr. F. Schaub haben die gemeinsame Erstautorenschaft.


 

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