PDF herunterladen
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Indian Journal of Neurosurgery 2022; 11(02): 136-139
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1722824
Original Article

Skull Base Angle Morphometry in South Indian Population with Review on Terminology

Veeramani Raveendranath
1   Department of Anatomy, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, India
,
Prafulla Kumar Dash
2   Department of Radiodiagnosis, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
,
Krishnan Nagarajan 
3   Department of Radiodiagnosis, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, India
,
Thangaraj Kavitha
1   Department of Anatomy, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, India
,
Srinidhi Swathi
1   Department of Anatomy, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, India
› Institutsangaben
› Weitere Informationen
Auch verfügbar auf
   Lizenzen und Reprints

Abstract

Introduction Basal angle, Boogaard’s angle, and clival angle are frequently used in diagnosing the craniometric angle malformations either on radiography or now more on MRI. But anatomic and clinical studies have used varied terms for these parameters. We aimed to look for these parameters among a normal south Indian adult population to standardize the measurements and their terminology.

Materials and Methods One hundred MRI images (50 males and 50 female) were studied retrospectively. MRI images that were reported as normal by neuroradiologist were taken up for the study. Mean and the standard deviation of males and females were calculated for basal angle, Boogaard’s angle, and clival angle, separately. Unpaired t-test was used to analyze the significant difference (p < 0.05) between the genders. The intraclass coefficient correlation was used to analyze the interobserver variability.

Results The mean value of basal angle in males and females are 113°and 114°, respectively. The mean value of Boogaard’s angle in males and females are 120°and 121°, respectively. The mean value of clival angle in males and females are 157°and 155°, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between males and females in all three angles.

Conclusion Knowledge about the normal angles will be an important tool in understanding the normal and abnormal skull base. Since the type of skull varies in accordance with race, the normal craniometric angle also varies in accordance with race. The present study tried to standardize the parameters of normal skull base angles for appropriate correction of the anomalies and uniform usage of terminology.

Keywords

basal angle - Boogaard’s angle - clivus-canal angle - magnetic resonance imaging - terminology


Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
13. Mai 2021

© 2021. Neurological Surgeons’ Society of India. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India

 

  • References

  • 1 Koenigsberg RA, Vakil N, Hong TA. et al Evaluation of platybasia with MR imaging. Am J Neuroradiol 2005; 26 (01) 89-92
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 2 Botelho RV, Ferreira ED. Angular craniometry in craniocervical junction malformation. Neurosurg Rev 2013; 36 (04) 603-610
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 3 Botelho RV, Diniz JM. Basilar Invagination: cranio-cervical kyphosis rather than prolapse from the upper cervical spine. J Neurol Neuromed 2017; 2: 15-19
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 4 Hirunpat S, Wimolsiri N, Sanghan N. Normal value of skull base angle using the modified magnetic resonance imaging technique in Thai population. J Oral Health Craniofac Sci 2017; 2: 17-21
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 5 Batista UC, Joaquim AF, Fernandes YB, Mathias RN, Ghizoni E, Tedeschi H. Computed tomography evaluation of the normal craniocervical junction craniometry in 100 asymptomatic patients. Neurosurg Focus 2015; 38 (04) E5
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 6 Smoker WR. Craniovertebral junction: normal anatomy, craniometry, and congenital anomalies. Radiographics 1994; 14 (02) 255-277
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 7 Frade HC, França CC, Nascimento JJ, Holanda MM, Silva EJD, Araújo SA. Cranio-vertebral transition assessment by magnetic resonance imaging in a sample of a northeast Brazilian population. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2017; 75 (07) 419-423
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 8 Xu S, Gong R. Clivodens angle: a new diagnostic method for basilar invagination at computed tomography. Spine 2016; 41 (17) 1365-1371
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 9 Kovero O, Pynnönen S, Kuurila-Svahn K, Kaitila I, Waltimo-Sirén J. Skull base abnormalities in osteogenesis imperfecta: a cephalometric evaluation of 54 patients and 108 control volunteers. J Neurosurg 2006; 105 (03) 361-370
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 10 Lu X, Forte AJ, Sawh-Martinez R. et al Normal angulation of skull base in Apert syndrome. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2018; 46 (12) 2042-2051
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 11 Sanggarnjanavanich S, Sekiya T, Nomura Y, Nakayama T, Hanada N, Nakamura Y. Cranial-base morphology in adults with skeletal Class III malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2014; 146 (01) 82-91
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 12 Guyot L, Richard O, Adalian P, Bartoli C, Dutour O, Leonetti G. An anthropometric study of relationships between the clival angle and craniofacial measurements in adult human skulls. Surg Radiol Anat 2006; 28 (06) 559-563
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 13 Karagöz F, Izgi N, Kapíjcíjoğlu Sencer S. Morphometric measurements of the cranium in patients with Chiari type I malformation and comparison with the normal population. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2002; 144 (02) 165-171
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 14 Hwang HS, Moon JG, Kim CH, Oh SM, Song JH, Jeong JH. The comparative morphometric study of the posterior cranial fossa: what is effective approaches to the treatment of Chiari malformation type 1?. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2013; 54 (05) 405-410
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar