Emerging Roles of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Viral Pathogenesis

Raghuram Koganti; Abdullah Memon; Deepak Shukla

doi:10.1055/s-0041-1725068

Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Table of Contents

Semin Thromb Hemost 2021; 47(03): 283-294
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1725068

Review Article

Emerging Roles of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Viral Pathogenesis

Raghuram Koganti

¹Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois

,

Abdullah Memon

²College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois

,

Deepak Shukla

³Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois

⁴Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Heparan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan present in nearly all mammalian tissues. Heparan sulfate moieties are attached to the cell surface via heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) which are composed of a protein core bound to multiple heparan sulfate chains. HSPGs contribute to the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix and participate in cell signaling by releasing bound cytokines and chemokines once cleaved by an enzyme, heparanase. HSPGs are often exploited by viruses during infection, particularly during attachment and egress. Loss or inhibition of HSPGs initially during infection can yield significant decreases in viral entry and infectivity. In this review, we provide an overview of HSPGs in the lifecycle of multiple viruses, including herpesviruses, human immunodeficiency virus, dengue virus, human papillomavirus, and coronaviruses.

Keywords

heparan sulfate - heparan sulfate proteoglycan - heparanase - herpesvirus - coronavirus

Full Text

References

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