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Semin Thromb Hemost 2021; 47(03): 283-294
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1725068
Review Article

Emerging Roles of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Viral Pathogenesis

Raghuram Koganti
1   Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
,
Abdullah Memon
2   College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
,
Deepak Shukla
3   Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
4   Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
› Author Affiliations Funding This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health RO1 grants EY029426, AI139768, and EY024710 (to D.S.), and an NEI core grant (EY001792).
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Abstract

Heparan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan present in nearly all mammalian tissues. Heparan sulfate moieties are attached to the cell surface via heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) which are composed of a protein core bound to multiple heparan sulfate chains. HSPGs contribute to the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix and participate in cell signaling by releasing bound cytokines and chemokines once cleaved by an enzyme, heparanase. HSPGs are often exploited by viruses during infection, particularly during attachment and egress. Loss or inhibition of HSPGs initially during infection can yield significant decreases in viral entry and infectivity. In this review, we provide an overview of HSPGs in the lifecycle of multiple viruses, including herpesviruses, human immunodeficiency virus, dengue virus, human papillomavirus, and coronaviruses.

Keywords

heparan sulfate - heparan sulfate proteoglycan - heparanase - herpesvirus - coronavirus


Publication History

Article published online:
01 April 2021

© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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