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Homeopathy 2021; 110(04): 263-270
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726009
Original Research Article

Preparation and Standardization of Nosodes Sourced from Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Salmonella Typhi, Neisseria Gonorrhoeae and Candida Albicans Strains

Renuka Munshi
1   Department of Clinical Pharmacology, TNMC and BYL Nair Ch. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
,
Gitanjali Talele
2   Research Department, Life Force Foundation Trust, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
,
Rajesh Shah
2   Research Department, Life Force Foundation Trust, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
› Author Affiliations Funding None.
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Abstract

Background Homeopathic nosodes prepared from organisms and pathological tissues have shown biological effects, encouraging more research. There is a need to develop some new nosodes systematically and to re-make others that were developed over a century ago. In our program of work on nosodes, the bacterial strains Klebsiella pneumoniae (BAA 2146), Salmonella typhi and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (ATCC 43069), and the single-celled fungus Candida albicans (24433, 26790, and 60193) have been identified for preparation.

Materials and Methods The systematic and scientific method of preparation of nosodes includes identification, culture, quantification, characterization, preparation, and standardization. Under laminar flow, a suspension of respective bacterial and fungal cells (20 billion cells/mL) was processed as per the Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia of India (HPI). Culture tests, sterility tests and molecular testing (polymerase chain reaction) were performed to establish the absence of contamination, live organisms and DNA material.

Results K. pneumoniae, S. typhi (single, bivalent, or polyvalent), N. gonorrhoeae, and C. albicans nosodes (single and polyvalent) were sourced and prepared from different strains of respective cultures. The nosode preparations were processed by serial dilution and potentization, normally following the HPI guidelines. Molecular test results showed the absence of live organisms or DNA material; culture and sterility test results demonstrated the safety profile of the potentized nosodes.

Conclusion K. pneumoniae, S. typhi, N. gonorrhoeae and C. albicans nosodes were successfully prepared. Their therapeutic potential may now be evaluated.

Keywords

Klebsiella pneumonia - Salmonella typhi - Neisseria gonorrhoeae - Candida albicans - nosode - potentization - homeopathy

Highlights

• In the series of work on nosodes, the bacterial strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (BAA 2146), Salmonella typhi, Neisseria gonorrhoeae (ATCC 43069) and the fungus Candida albicans (24433, 26790, and 60193) were identified.


• A systematic, standardized and scientific method of preparation of nosodes was documented.


• Safety of nosodes in 30c potency using sterility, culture and molecular tests was established.


Authors' Contributions

Renuka Munshi[1] provided the laboratory facility and contributed to the laboratory work and manuscript review. Gitanjali Talele[2] contributed to laboratory work and manuscript writing. Rajesh Shah[3] was the principal investigator and inventor of the drugs; he also conceptualized the study and contributed to laboratory work supervision, and manuscript writing.


Supplementary Material



Publication History

Received: 31 July 2020

Accepted: 21 December 2020

Article published online:
09 June 2021

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