PDF herunterladen
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · European Dental Research and Biomaterials Journal 2021; 2(01): 28-33
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726169
Original Article

Effect of Polymerization Time and Shade on the Depth of Cure of Nano-Hybrid Resin Composites

Noha Abdullah Bin Jabr
1   Restorative and Aesthetic Specialist, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
,
Wacim Nassouh Al-Saidi
2   Private Practice, Aqua Dental Express, Stockholm, Sweden
,
Ibtessam Abdullah Bin Jabr
3   Restorative and Aesthetic Consultant, King Fahd Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
,
Roula Safouh Al-Bounni
4   Department of Restorative and Endodontics, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
› Institutsangaben
› Weitere Informationen
Auch verfügbar auf
   Lizenzen und Reprints

Abstract

Objective The effect of polymerization time and resin shade on the depth of cure (DOC) of two nano-hybrid resin composites (Filtek Z250 XT and IPS Empress Direct) was evaluated and compared.

Materials and Methods Sixty specimens were prepared from two shades (A1 and A3) of the resin composites. The specimens were allocated into two groups that were further divided into three subgroups depending on the polymerization time (20, 40, and 60 sec; n = 5). After that, the DOC was evaluated by calculating the polymerized part of the specimen’s thickness to the nearest (0.01 mm) using a high-accuracy micrometer. Each specimen was measured three times, and the corresponding mean reading (in mm) was divided by two to obtain the DOC. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 20. Descriptive statistics followed by three-way analysis of variance was applied. Multiple comparisons were made using Scheffe post hoc tests (α = 0.05).

Results Filtek Z250 XT-A1-60sec presented with the greatest DOC (7.42 ± 0.47 mm), and the lowest DOC was obtained with IPS Empress-A3-20sec (2.31 ± 0.21 mm). The mean DOC of Filtek Z250 XT and IPS Empress Direct resin composites were 6.18 mm and 3.59 mm, respectively. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) difference was observed between the resin composites. The interaction between independent factors, namely composites, resin shade, and polymerization time, revealed that interaction between them contributed significantly to the DOC (p ≤0.05). However, the interaction between resin shade and the polymerization time was insignificant (p = 0.148).

Conclusion Filtek Z250 XT demonstrated greater DOC than IPS Empress Direct resin composite. An increase in polymerization time significantly enhanced the DOC of the resin composites irrespective of the resin shade. Regardless of the resin composite tested, DOC was lower for darker shades (A3).

Keywords - resin composites - curing depth - polymerization - aesthetics


Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
01. Oktober 2021

© 2021. European Dental Research and Biomaterials Journal. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India

 

  • References

  • 1 Hickel R, Heidemann D, Staehle HJ, Minnig P, Wilson NH. German Scientific Association for Operative Dentistry. Direct composite restorations: extended use in anterior and posterior situations. Clin Oral Investig 2004; 8 (02) 43-44
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 2 Mikhail SS, Schricker SR, Azer SS, Brantley WA, Johnston WM. Optical characteristics of contemporary dental composite resin materials. J Dent 2013; 41 (09) 771-778
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 3 Dantas D, Mathias-Santamaria I, Borges A, Torres C, Caneppele T. Effects of artificial accelerated aging on the optical properties of resin composites. Biosci J 2018; 34 (02) 505-513
    Suche in Google Scholar
  • 4 Soares CJ, Faria-E-Silva AL, Rodrigues MP. et al Polymerization shrinkage stress of composite resins and resin cements - What do we need to know?. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31 (Suppl. 01) e62
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 5 Tabassum S, Hameed MH, Khan FR. Comparison of the depth of cure of flowable composites polymerized at variable increment thicknesses and voltages: an in vitro study. Contemp Clin Dent 2019; 10 (02) 220-225
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 6 Savadamoorthi K, Priyadharshini S, Sherwood A, Jesudoss K, Kumar V, Christopher A. In vitro analysis and comparison on depth of cure in newer bulk fill composite resin with conventional micro- and nano-hybrid composite resin using two different light sources quartz-tungsten-halogen and light emitting diode with three varying intensities. J Int Oral Health 2017; 9 (01) 12-15
    CrossrefSuche in Google Scholar
  • 7 Jang JH, Park SH, Hwang IN. Polymerization shrinkage and depth of cure of bulk-fill resin composites and highly filled flowable resin. Oper Dent 2015; 40 (02) 172-180
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 8 Rouhollahi M, Mohammadibasir M, Talim Sh. Comparative depth of cure among two light-cured core build-up composites by surface Vickers hardness. J Dent (Tehran) 2012; 9 (03) 255-261
    Suche in Google Scholar
  • 9 Li Y, Gao S, Tarimo SA. et al Influence of tooth thickness on depth of cure and degree of conversion of a photo-activated resin composite irradiated through the tooth. Sci J Res Dentistry. 2017; 1 (03) 50-56
    Suche in Google Scholar
  • 10 Flury S, Hayoz S, Peutzfeldt A, Hüsler J, Lussi A. Depth of cure of resin composites: is the ISO 4049 method suitable for bulk fill materials?. Dent Mater 2012; 28 (05) 521-528
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 11 ISO. International Standard Organization 4049:2019(en). Dentistry-Polymer-Based Restorative Materials. Geneva, Switzerland: ISO 2019
  • 12 Camargo FSAS, González AHM, Alonso RCB, Di Hipólito V, D’Alpino PHP. Effects of polymerization mode and interaction with hydroxyapatite on the rate of pH neutralization, mechanical properties, and depth of cure in self-adhesive cements. Eur J Dent 2019; 13 (02) 178-186
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 13 Gordan VV, Patel SB, Barrett AA, Shen C. Effect of surface finishing and storage media on bi-axial flexure strength and microhardness of resin-based composite. Oper Dent 2003; 28 (05) 560-567
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 14 Endo T, Finger WJ, Kanehira M, Utterodt A, Komatsu M. Surface texture and roughness of polished nanofill and nanohybrid resin composites. Dent Mater J 2010; 29 (02) 213-223
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 15 Jain P, Pershing A. Depth of cure and microleakage with high-intensity and ramped resin-based composite curing lights. J Am Dent Assoc 2003; 134 (09) 1215-1223
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 16 Sa’di S, Mohammad QAH, Mahdi AG. The effect of shade and curing time on the depth of cure (DOC) in two types of composites, polymerized with a halogen light cure system. Kufa Med J 2010; 13 (01) 178-196
    Suche in Google Scholar
  • 17 Rodriguez A, Yaman P, Dennison J, Garcia D. Effect of light-curing exposure time, shade, and thickness on the depth of cure of bulk fill composites. Oper Dent 2017; 42 (05) 505-513
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 18 Fan PL, Schumacher RM, Azzolin K, Geary R, Eichmiller FC. Curing-light intensity and depth of cure of resin-based composites tested according to international standards. J Am Dent Assoc 2002; 133 (04) 429-434 quiz 491-493
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 19 Schattenberg A, Lichtenberg D, Stender E, Willershausen B, Ernst CP. Minimal exposure time of different LED-curing devices. Dent Mater 2008; 24 (08) 1043-1049
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 20 Moore BK, Platt JA, Borges G, Chu TM, Katsilieri I. Depth of cure of dental resin composites: ISO 4049 depth and microhardness of types of materials and shades. Oper Dent 2008; 33 (04) 408-412
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 21 Gupta SK, Saxena P, Pant VA, Pant AB. Release and toxicity of dental resin composite. Toxicol Int 2012; 19 (03) 225-234
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 22 Kurt A, Altintas SH, Kiziltas MV. et al Evaluation of residual monomer release and toxicity of self-adhesive resin cements. Dent Mater J 2018; 37 (01) 40-48
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 23 Knezević A, Tarle Z, Meniga A, Sutalo J, Pichler G, Ristić M. Degree of conversion and temperature rise during polymerization of composite resin samples with blue diodes. J Oral Rehabil 2001; 28 (06) 586-591
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 24 Yoshida K, Greener EH. Effects of coupling agents on mechanical properties of metal oxide-polymethacrylate composites. J Dent 1994; 22 (01) 57-62
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 25 Shortall AC, Wilson HJ, Harrington E. Depth of cure of radiation-activated composite restoratives-influence of shade and opacity. J Oral Rehabil 1995; 22 (05) 337-342
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 26 Lovell LG, Newman SM, Bowman CN. The effects of light intensity, temperature, and comonomer composition on the polymerization behavior of dimethacrylate dental resins. J Dent Res 1999; 78 (08) 1469-1476
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 27 Yap AU. Effectiveness of polymerization in composite restoratives claiming bulk placement: impact of cavity depth and exposure time. Oper Dent 2000; 25 (02) 113-120
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 28 Quance SC, Shortall AC, Harrington E, Lumley PJ. Effect of exposure intensity and post-cure temperature storage on hardness of contemporary photo-activated composites. J Dent 2001; 29 (08) 553-560
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 29 AlShaafi MM. Factors affecting polymerization of resin-based composites: a literature review. Saudi Dent J 2017; 29 (02) 48-58
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 30 Della A Bona, Rosa V, Cecchetti D. Influence of shade and irradiation time on the hardness of composite resins. Braz Dent J 2007; 18 (03) 231-234
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 31 Faria-E-Silva AL, Fanger C, Nguyen L, Howerton D, Pfeifer CS. Impact of material shade and distance from light curing unit tip on the depth of polymerization of composites. Braz Dent J 2017; 28 (05) 632-637
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 32 Koupis NS, Vercruysse CWJ, Marks LAM, Martens LC, Verbeeck RMH. Curing depth of (polyacid-modified) composite resins determined by scraping and a penetrometer. Dent Mater 2004; 20 (10) 908-914
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 33 Shortall AC. How light source and product shade influence cure depth for a contemporary composite. J Oral Rehabil 2005; 32 (12) 906-911
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 34 Lazarchik DA, Hammond BD, Sikes CL, Looney SW, Rueggeberg FA. Hardness comparison of bulk-filled/transtooth and incremental-filled/occlusally irradiated composite resins. J Prosthet Dent 2007; 98 (02) 129-140
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 35 Ceballos L, Fuentes MV, Tafalla H, Martínez A, Flores J, Rodríguez J. Curing effectiveness of resin composites at different exposure times using LED and halogen units. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2009; 14 (01) E51-E56
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 36 Sobrinho LC, de AA Lima, Consani S, Sinhoreti MA, Knowles JC. Influence of curing tip distance on composite Knoop hardness values. Braz Dent J 2000; 11 (01) 11-17
    Suche in Google Scholar
  • 37 Albers HF. Tooth-Colored Restoratives. Principles and Techniques. 9th edition. London: BC Decker 2002
  • 38 Kang A, Son SA, Hur B, Kwon YH, Ro JH, Park JK. The color stability of silorane- and methacrylate-based resin composites. Dent Mater J 2012; 31 (05) 879-884
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 39 David JR, Gomes OM, Gomes JC, Loguercio AD, Reis A. Effect of exposure time on curing efficiency of polymerizing units equipped with light-emitting diodes. J Oral Sci 2007; 49 (01) 19-24
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar