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Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022; 70(03): 182-188
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1727152
Original Cardiovascular

Incidence and Risk Factors of Pannus after Mechanical Aortic Valve Replacement

Jae Woong Choi
1   Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
,
Ho Young Hwang
1   Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
,
Yeiwon Lee
1   Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
,
Suk Ho Sohn
1   Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
,
Kyung Hwan Kim
1   Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
,
Ki-Bong Kim
1   Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
,
Hyuk Ahn
2   Seoul Veterans Hospital, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
› Author Affiliations Funding This work was supported by National University Hospital (Grant no. 30–2016–0180).
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Abstract

Background This study was conducted to evaluate the occurrence rate and risk factors of subaortic pannus (SAP) after bileaflet mechanical aortic valve (AV) replacement.

Methods Between 1990 and 2014, 862 patients underwent primary AV replacement with bileaflet mechanical prosthesis. SAP was defined as (1) gradual increase in mean pressure gradient through mechanical AV without any evidence of motion limitation of the leaflets on echocardiography and (2) AV mean pressure gradient >40 mm Hg or AV peak velocity >4 m/s on echocardiography, and (3) any visible subaortic tissue ingrowth beneath the mechanical AV on echocardiography or computed tomography. Clinical and echocardiographic follow-up durations were 13.8 ± 8.0 and 10.7 ± 7.9 years, respectively.

Results Mean age was 51.1 ± 12.1 years and concomitant surgeries were performed in 503 patients (58.4%). Overall survival at 10 and 20 years was 84.2 and 67.1%, respectively. SAP occurred in 33 patients, and in only 2 patients during the first 10 years after surgery. The cumulative incidence of SAP formation at 10, 20, and 25 years were 0.3, 5.0, and 9.9%, respectively. The Fine and Gray model demonstrated that small prosthetic valve size (hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval, CI] = 0.738 [0.575–0.946]), young age (HR [95% CI] = 0.944 [0.909–0.981]), and concomitant mitral valve replacement (MVR) (HR [95% CI] = 3.863 [1.358–10.988]) were significant risk factors for the SAP formation.

Conclusions SAP occurred gradually over time with 10- and 20-year cumulative incidence of 0.3 and 5.0%, respectively. Young age, small prosthetic valve size, and concomitant MVR were risk factors for SAP formation. Therefore, we recommend efforts to select large prostheses for young patients requiring concomitant MVR.

Keywords

aortic valve and root - heart valve surgery - outcomes

Supplementary Material



Publication History

Received: 03 November 2020

Accepted: 23 February 2021

Article published online:
03 May 2021

© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
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