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DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731343
Factors Associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae Nasopharyngeal Carriage and Antimicrobial Susceptibility among Children Under the Age of 5 Years in the Southwestern Colombia
Funding This work was supported by Pfizer, Inc., through the grant: IIR WI244770.![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/10.1055-s-00029028/202105/lookinside/thumbnails/10-1055-s-0041-1731343_2000127-1.jpg)
Abstract
Objective This work aimed to evaluate the factors associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization and antimicrobial susceptibility among pediatric outpatients in southwestern Colombia, 2019.
Methods A cross-sectional study was performed using survey-based interviews and the collection of nasopharyngeal-swab specimens for microbiological characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Logistic regression analyses were performed for factors associated with nasopharyngeal carriage.
Results A total of 452 children under the age of 5 years were examined in which 41.8% carried S. pneumoniae. Higher pneumococcal carriage frequencies were observed among participants aged <2 years and in individuals belonging to indigenous communities, which were lacking established pneumococcal-conjugated vaccine-10 immunization schemes. Additionally, children attending childcare institutions were also highly colonized by pneumococci. S. pneumoniae showed 57.7% nonsusceptibility to benzyl-penicillin (meningitis-cut); 45.5% intermediate-sensitivity to benzyl-penicillin (oral-cut) and 21.7% to cefotaxime; and resistance to erythromycin (40.7%), tetracycline (36.0%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (24.9%), clindamycin (24.3%), and ceftriaxone (27.0%).
Conclusion The 41.8% of participants carrying S. pneumoniae show a scenario with the presence of multidrug and extensively drug-resistant strains, which constitutes important reservoirs of bacterial transmission by children aged <5 years in Colombia, leading to an onset of pneumococcal diseases. Hence, there is an urgent need to expand conjugate pneumococcal immunization in the community and ensure compliance with established immunization schedules.
Keywords
Streptococcus pneumoniae - pneumococcal children colonization - nasopharyngeal carriage - ColombiaAuthors' Contributions
G.G., J.P.R., L.F.M., J.C.O., L.J.A., J.A.B., A.G.M., J.L.M., and S.H. were involved in conceptualization. G.G., J.P.R., S.C., M.A.P., J.L.T., L.M.M., L.F.V., Y.A.Z., and J.L.M. were involved in data curation. G.G., J.P.R., J.L.M., and S.H. were involved in formal analysis. G.G. assisted in funding acquisition. All authors were involved in investigation and in methodology. G.G. was involved in project administration and managed resources. G.G., J.P.R., and S.H. were involved in supervision. G.G. and J.L.M. were involved in validation. G.G. and J.L.M. were involved in visualization. G.G, A.G.M., and J.L.M. were involved in writing of original draft. G.G., J.P.R., S.C., J.D.C., M.A.P., L.F.M., J.L.T., J.C.O., L.M.M., J.C.R., L.F.V., A.M.F., Y.A.Z., M.E.C., L.J.A., A.J.M., J.A.B., A.G.M., J.L.M., and S.H. were involved in writing and editing of the draft.
Publikationsverlauf
Eingereicht: 31. Oktober 2020
Angenommen: 01. Mai 2021
Artikel online veröffentlicht:
26. Juni 2021
© 2021. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
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