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CC BY 4.0 · Surg J (N Y) 2021; 07(03): e154-e157
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731423
Case Report

Traumatic Rupture and Herniation of the Peroneus Tertius Muscle Leading to Compartment Syndrome and Entrapment of the Superficial Peroneal Nerve: A Case Report

Eetu N. Suominen
1   Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
,
Henrik Sandelin
2   Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
3   Department of Orthopaedics, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
,
Jani Puhakka
2   Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
,
Jussi Repo‡   *
4   Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
,
Mikko Ovaska‡   *
5   Sports Clinic and Hospital, Pihlajalinna Dextra, Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract

We present a patient with compartment syndrome and entrapment of the superficial peroneal nerve due to a direct hit to the lateral part of the right lower extremity. The diagnosis of evolving compartment syndrome was made without delay and the patient was quickly taken to the operating theater. Intraoperatively, the entrapment of the superficial peroneal nerve caused by rupture and herniation of the peroneus tertius muscle was surprisingly observed at the site, where the nerve pierces the anterior compartment. The nerve was successfully released in conjunction with fasciotomies of the anterior and lateral compartments. Meticulous diagnosis of compartment syndrome is critical to prevent ischemic injury to muscles and nerves. Recognition of anatomy and anatomical variations is important to prevent iatrogenic injury in unusual circumstances.

Keywords

peroneus tertius - superficial peroneal nerve - compartment syndrome - nerve - entrapment - herniation - anatomical variation - fasciotomy

Note

Investigation performed at the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.


* Authors contributed equally to this study.




Publication History

Received: 09 September 2020

Accepted: 25 March 2021

Article published online:
19 July 2021

© 2021. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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