PDF herunterladen
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Semin Hear 2021; 42(04): 381-388
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739371
Review Article

The Importance of Access to Bilateral Hearing through Cochlear Implants in Children

Karen A. Gordon
1   Archie's Cochlear Implant Laboratory, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
2   Department of Communication Disorders, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
4   Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
,
Blake C. Papsin
1   Archie's Cochlear Implant Laboratory, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
3   Department of Otolaryngology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
4   Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
,
Vicky Papaioannou
2   Department of Communication Disorders, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
3   Department of Otolaryngology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
4   Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
,
Sharon L. Cushing
1   Archie's Cochlear Implant Laboratory, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
3   Department of Otolaryngology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
4   Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
› Institutsangaben
› Weitere Informationen
Auch verfügbar auf
   Lizenzen und Reprints

Abstract

Children with hearing loss require early access to sound in both ears to support their development. In this article, we describe barriers to providing bilateral hearing and developmental consequences of delays during early sensitive periods. Barriers include late identification of hearing loss in one or both ears and delayed access to intervention with hearing devices such as cochlear implants. Effects of delayed bilateral input on the auditory pathways and brain are discussed as well as behavioral effects on speech perception and other developmental outcomes including language and academics. Evidence for these effects has supported an evolution in cochlear implant candidacy in children that was started with unilateral implantation in children with profound deafness bilaterally to bilateral implantation to implantation of children with asymmetric hearing loss including children with single-side deafness. Opportunities to enhance the developmental benefits of bilateral hearing in children with hearing loss are also discussed including efforts to improve binaural/spatial hearing and consideration of concurrent vestibular deficits which are common in children with hearing loss.

Keywords

deafness - bilateral cochlear implants - bimodal hearing - universal hearing screening - sensitive periods - cytomegalovirus - binaural/spatial hearing - aural preference


Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
09. Dezember 2021

© 2021. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA

 

  • References

  • 1 Kral A, Hartmann R, Tillein J, Heid S, Klinke R. Delayed maturation and sensitive periods in the auditory cortex. Audiol Neurotol 2001; 6 (06) 346-362
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Yoshinaga-Itano C, Sedey AL, Wiggin M, Mason CA. Language outcomes improved through early hearing detection and earlier cochlear implantation. Otol Neurotol 2018; 39 (10) 1256-1263
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Gordon K, Henkin Y, Kral A. Asymmetric hearing during development: the aural preference syndrome and treatment options. Pediatrics 2015; 136 (01) 141-153
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Gordon K, Kral A. Animal and human studies on developmental monaural hearing loss. Hear Res 2019; 380: 60-74
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Litovsky RY, Gordon K. Bilateral cochlear implants in children: effects of auditory experience and deprivation on auditory perception. Hear Res 2016; 338: 76-87
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Bess FH, Tharpe AM. Unilateral hearing impairment in children. Pediatrics 1984; 74 (02) 206-216
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Swami H, Ap A, Shivanand S. Cost-effectiveness of pediatric unilateral/bilateral cochlear implant in a developing country. Otol Neurotol 2021; 42 (01) e33-e39
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Marx M, Mosnier I, Venail F. et al. Cochlear implantation and other treatments in single-sided deafness and asymmetric hearing loss: results of a national multicenter study including a randomized controlled trial. Audiol Neurootol (Published online March 31, 2021) DOI: 10.1159/000514085.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Huttenlocher PR, Dabholkar AS. Regional differences in synaptogenesis in human cerebral cortex. J Comp Neurol 1997; 387 (02) 167-178
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Meredith MA, Kryklywy J, McMillan AJ, Malhotra S, Lum-Tai R, Lomber SG. Crossmodal reorganization in the early deaf switches sensory, but not behavioral roles of auditory cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108 (21) 8856-8861
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Lee HJ, Giraud AL, Kang E. et al. Cortical activity at rest predicts cochlear implantation outcome. Cereb Cortex 2007; 17 (04) 909-917
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Giraud AL, Lee HJ. Predicting cochlear implant outcome from brain organisation in the deaf. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2007; 25 (3-4): 381-390
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Ching TYC, Dillon H, Button L. et al. Age at intervention for permanent hearing loss and 5-year language outcomes. Pediatrics 2017; 140 (03) e20164274
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Ponton CW, Eggermont JJ. Of kittens and kids: altered cortical maturation following profound deafness and cochlear implant use. Audiol Neurotol 2001; 6 (06) 363-380
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Sharma A, Dorman M, Spahr A, Todd NW. Early cochlear implantation in children allows normal development of central auditory pathways. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl 2002; 189: 38-41
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Geers A, Brenner C, Davidson L. Factors associated with development of speech perception skills in children implanted by age five. Ear Hear 2003; 24 (1, Suppl): 24S-35S
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Lieu JE, Tye-Murray N, Karzon RK, Piccirillo JF. Unilateral hearing loss is associated with worse speech-language scores in children. Pediatrics 2010; 125 (06) e1348-e1355
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Lieu JE. Speech-language and educational consequences of unilateral hearing loss in children. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004; 130 (05) 524-530
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Karande S, Ramadoss D, Gogtay N. Economic burden of slow learners: a prevalence-based cost of illness study of its direct, indirect, and intangible costs. J Postgrad Med 2019; 65 (04) 219-226
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Le HND, Gold L, Mensah F. et al. Service utilisation and costs of language impairment in children: the early language in Victoria Australian population-based study. Int J Speech Lang Pathol 2017; 19 (04) 360-369
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 GBD 2019 Hearing Loss Collaborators. Hearing loss prevalence and years lived with disability, 1990-2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 2021; 397 (10278): 996-1009
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Grothe B, Pecka M. The natural history of sound localization in mammals – a story of neuronal inhibition. Front Neural Circuits 2014; 8: 116
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Hawley ML, Litovsky RY, Culling JF. The benefit of binaural hearing in a cocktail party: effect of location and type of interferer. J Acoust Soc Am 2004; 115 (02) 833-843
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Gordon KA, Wong DD, Papsin BC. Bilateral input protects the cortex from unilaterally-driven reorganization in children who are deaf. Brain 2013; 136 (Pt 5): 1609-1625
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Polonenko MJ, Papsin BC, Gordon KA. Delayed access to bilateral input alters cortical organization in children with asymmetric hearing. Neuroimage Clin 2017; 17: 415-425
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Hyde ML. Newborn hearing screening programs: overview. J Otolaryngol 2005; 34 (Suppl. 02) S70-S78
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Patel H, Feldman M. Universal newborn hearing screening. Paediatr Child Health 2011; 16 (05) 301-310
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Fitzpatrick EM, Whittingham J, Durieux-Smith A. Mild bilateral and unilateral hearing loss in childhood: a 20-year view of hearing characteristics, and audiologic practices before and after newborn hearing screening. Ear Hear 2014; 35 (01) 10-18
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Goderis J, De Leenheer E, Smets K, Van Hoecke H, Keymeulen A, Dhooge I. Hearing loss and congenital CMV infection: a systematic review. Pediatrics 2014; 134 (05) 972-982
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Khurana P, Cushing SL, Chakraborty PK. et al. Early hearing detection and intervention in Canada. Paediatr Child Health 2020; 26 (03) 141-144
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Cushing SL, Gordon KA, Sokolov M, Papaioannou V, Polonenko M, Papsin BC. Etiology and therapy indication for cochlear implantation in children with single-sided deafness: retrospective analysis. HNO 2019; 67 (10) 750-759
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Polonenko MJ, Gordon KA, Cushing SL, Papsin BC. Cortical organization restored by cochlear implantation in young children with single sided deafness. Sci Rep 2017; 7 (01) 16900
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Polonenko MJ, Papsin BC, Gordon KA. Limiting asymmetric hearing improves benefits of bilateral hearing in children using cochlear implants. Sci Rep 2018; 8 (01) 13201
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Nicholas JG, Geers AE. Spoken language benefits of extending cochlear implant candidacy below 12 months of age. Otol Neurotol 2013; 34 (03) 532-538
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Position Statement: Principles and guidelines for early hearing detection and intervention programs. Journal of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention. 2019; 4 (02) 1-44 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.15142/fptk-b748
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Gifford RH. Bilateral cochlear implants or bimodal hearing for children with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Curr Otorhinolaryngol Rep 2020; 8 (04) 385-394
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Daya H, Figueirido JC, Gordon KA, Twitchell K, Gysin C, Papsin BC. The role of a graded profile analysis in determining candidacy and outcome for cochlear implantation in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1999; 49 (02) 135-142
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Nikolopoulos TP, Gibbin KP, Dyar D. Predicting speech perception outcomes following cochlear implantation using Nottingham children's implant profile (NChIP). Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2004; 68 (02) 137-141
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Morera C, Manrique M, Ramos A. et al. Advantages of binaural hearing provided through bimodal stimulation via a cochlear implant and a conventional hearing aid: a 6-month comparative study. Acta Otolaryngol 2005; 125 (06) 596-606
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Ching TYC, Incerti P, Hill M. Binaural benefits for adults who use hearing aids and cochlear implants in opposite ears. Ear Hear 2004; 25 (01) 9-21
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Kühn-Inacker H, Shehata-Dieler W, Müller J, Helms J. Bilateral cochlear implants: a way to optimize auditory perception abilities in deaf children?. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2004; 68 (10) 1257-1266
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Papsin BC, Gordon KA. Bilateral cochlear implants should be the standard for children with bilateral sensorineural deafness. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2008; 16 (01) 69-74
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 43 Illg A, Sandner C, Büchner A, Lenarz T, Kral A, Lesinski-Schiedat A. The optimal inter-implant interval in pediatric sequential bilateral implantation. Hear Res 2019; 372: 80-87
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 44 Jiwani S, Papsin BC, Gordon KA. Early unilateral cochlear implantation promotes mature cortical asymmetries in adolescents who are deaf. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37 (01) 135-152
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 45 Jiwani S, Papsin BC, Gordon KA. Central auditory development after long-term cochlear implant use. Clin Neurophysiol 2013; 124 (09) 1868-1880
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 46 Lammers MJ, Grolman W, Smulders YE, Rovers MM. The cost-utility of bilateral cochlear implantation: a systematic review. Laryngoscope 2011; 121 (12) 2604-2609
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 47 Health Quality Ontario. Bilateral cochlear implantation: a health technology assessment. Ont Health Technol Assess Ser 2018; 18 (06) 1-139
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 48 Gordon KA, Valero J, van Hoesel R, Papsin BC. Abnormal timing delays in auditory brainstem responses evoked by bilateral cochlear implant use in children. Otol Neurotol 2008; 29 (02) 193-198
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 49 Cullington HE, Bele D, Brinton JC. et al. United Kingdom national paediatric bilateral project: demographics and results of localization and speech perception testing. Cochlear Implants Int 2017; 18 (01) 2-22
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 50 Gifford RH, Driscoll CL, Davis TJ, Fiebig P, Micco A, Dorman MF. A within-subject comparison of bimodal hearing, bilateral cochlear implantation, and bilateral cochlear implantation with bilateral hearing preservation: high-performing patients. Otol Neurotol 2015; 36 (08) 1331-1337
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 51 Ching TY, Day J, Van Buynder P. et al. Language and speech perception of young children with bimodal fitting or bilateral cochlear implants. Cochlear Implants Int 2014; 15 (Suppl. 01) S43-S46
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 52 Illg A, Bojanowicz M, Lesinski-Schiedat A, Lenarz T, Büchner A. Evaluation of the bimodal benefit in a large cohort of cochlear implant subjects using a contralateral hearing aid. Otol Neurotol 2014; 35 (09) e240-e244
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 53 Polonenko MJ, Giannantonio S, Papsin BC, Marsella P, Gordon KA. Music perception improves in children with bilateral cochlear implants or bimodal devices. J Acoust Soc Am 2017; 141 (06) 4494-4507
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 54 Cullington HE, Zeng FG. Bimodal hearing benefit for speech recognition with competing voice in cochlear implant subject with normal hearing in contralateral ear. Ear Hear 2010; 31 (01) 70-73
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 55 Arndt S, Prosse S, Laszig R, Wesarg T, Aschendorff A, Hassepass F. Cochlear implantation in children with single-sided deafness: does aetiology and duration of deafness matter?. Audiol Neurotol 2015; 20 (Suppl. 01) 21-30
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 56 Ganek HV, Cushing SL, Papsin BC, Gordon KA. Cochlear implant use remains consistent over time in children with single-sided deafness. Ear Hear 2020; 41 (03) 678-685
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 57 Deep NL, Gordon SA, Shapiro WH, Waltzman SB, Roland Jr JT, Friedmann DR. Cochlear implantation in children with single-sided deafness. Laryngoscope 2021; 131 (01) E271-E277
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 58 Arndt S, Laszig R, Aschendorff A, Hassepass F, Beck R, Wesarg T. Cochlear implant treatment of patients with single-sided deafness or asymmetric hearing loss. HNO 2017; 65 (Suppl. 02) 98-108
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 59 Speck I, Challier P, Wesarg T. et al. Is the cochlear implant a successful long-term solution for single-sided deaf and asymmetric hearing-impaired patients?. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 278 (09) 3257-3265
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 60 Polonenko MJ, Papsin BC, Gordon KA. Children with single-sided deafness use their cochlear implant. Ear Hear 2017; 38 (06) 681-689
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 61 Lee H-J, Smieja D, Polonenko MJ, Cushing SL, Papsin BC, Gordon KA. Consistent and chronic cochlear implant use partially reverses cortical effects of single sided deafness in children. Sci Rep 2020; 10 (01) 21526
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 62 Burton H, Firszt JB, Holden T, Agato A, Uchanski RM. Activation lateralization in human core, belt, and parabelt auditory fields with unilateral deafness compared to normal hearing. Brain Res 2012; 1454: 33-47
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 63 Steel MM, Papsin BC, Gordon KA. Binaural fusion and listening effort in children who use bilateral cochlear implants: a psychoacoustic and pupillometric study. PLoS One 2015; 10 (02) e0117611
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 64 Kral A, Kronenberger WG, Pisoni DB, O'Donoghue GM. Neurocognitive factors in sensory restoration of early deafness: a connectome model. Lancet Neurol 2016; 15 (06) 610-621
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 65 Pisoni DB, Kronenberger WG, Chandramouli SH, Conway CM. Learning and memory processes following cochlear implantation: the missing piece of the puzzle. Front Psychol 2016; 7: 493
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 66 Beijen J, Snik AF, Straatman LV, Mylanus EA, Mens LH. Sound localization and binaural hearing in children with a hearing aid and a cochlear implant. Audiol Neurotol 2010; 15 (01) 36-43
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 67 Grieco-Calub TM, Litovsky RY. Sound localization skills in children who use bilateral cochlear implants and in children with normal acoustic hearing. Ear Hear 2010; 31 (05) 645-656
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 68 Killan C, Scally A, Killan E, Totten C, Raine C. Factors affecting sound-source localization in children with simultaneous or sequential bilateral cochlear implants. Ear Hear 2019; 40 (04) 870-877
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 69 Ehlers E, Goupell MJ, Zheng Y, Godar SP, Litovsky RY. Binaural sensitivity in children who use bilateral cochlear implants. J Acoust Soc Am 2017; 141 (06) 4264
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 70 Gordon KA, Deighton MR, Abbasalipour P, Papsin BC. Perception of binaural cues develops in children who are deaf through bilateral cochlear implantation. PLoS One 2014; 9 (12) e114841
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 71 Kan A, Litovsky RY, Goupell MJ. Effects of interaural pitch matching and auditory image centering on binaural sensitivity in cochlear implant users. Ear Hear 2015; 36 (03) e62-e68
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 72 Dietz M. Models of the electrically stimulated binaural system: a review. Network 2016; 27 (2-3): 186-211
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 73 Aronoff JM, Yoon YS, Freed DJ, Vermiglio AJ, Pal I, Soli SD. The use of interaural time and level difference cues by bilateral cochlear implant users. J Acoust Soc Am 2010; 127 (03) EL87-EL92
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 74 Bernstein JGW, Stakhovskaya OA, Schuchman GI, Jensen KK, Goupell MJ. Interaural time-difference discrimination as a measure of place of stimulation for cochlear-implant users with single-sided deafness. Trends Hear 2018; 22: 2331216518765514
    Google Scholar
  • 75 Cushing SL, Papsin BC, Rutka JA, James AL, Gordon KA. Evidence of vestibular and balance dysfunction in children with profound sensorineural hearing loss using cochlear implants. Laryngoscope 2008; 118 (10) 1814-1823
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 76 Sokolov M, Gordon KA, Polonenko M, Blaser SI, Papsin BC, Cushing SL. Vestibular and balance function is often impaired in children with profound unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Hear Res 2019; 372: 52-61
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar