Subscribe to RSS
![](/products/assets/desktop/img/oa-logo.png)
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739460
Intra-articular Injection of a Dextran Polymer Combined with Antibiotic Medications for Bacterial Infective Arthritis in Dogs: 14 Cases
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/10.1055-s-00040903/202102/lookinside/thumbnails/10-1055-s-0041-1739460_210017-1.jpg)
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the use of an intra-articular delivery of a dextran polymer (IADP) for bacterial infective arthritis in dogs.
Materials and Methods Cases of bacterial infective arthritis treated with IADP were reviewed. Resolution of infection was based on joint fluid cytology. Lameness scores, total nucleated cell counts, and per cent neutrophils were monitored throughout treatment.
Results There were 14 dogs included in the study. The stifle was the most commonly affected joint. The median number of injections per dog was 3 with a median of 2 weeks between injections. Amikacin was combined with the dextran polymer in 13 cases and imipenem was used in 1 case. Concurrent oral antimicrobials were used in 12/14 cases, and surgery for infection was performed in 10/14 cases. Cytological evidence of infection resolved in 11/14 cases. Median lameness scores throughout treatment decreased from severe (grade ¾) at initial presentation to mild (grade ¼) at the final recheck. Median total nucleated cell counts and per cent neutrophils decreased from 40,000 white blood cell/µL and 91% to 2,200 white blood cell/µL and 4% respectively. A transient worsening of lameness was the main side effect documented in 5/14 cases.
Conclusion Intra-articular dextran polymer combined with antimicrobials was generally well tolerated; however, the efficacy of IADP was unknown in this population since most dogs received concurrent oral antimicrobials and/or surgery.
Publication History
Received: 16 June 2021
Accepted: 04 October 2021
Article published online:
22 November 2021
© 2021. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
-
References
- 1 Bennett D, Taylor DJ. Bacterial infective arthritis in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 1988; 29: 207-230
- 2 Clements DN, Owen MR, Mosley JR, Carmichael S, Taylor DJ, Bennett D. Retrospective study of bacterial infective arthritis in 31 dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2005; 46 (04) 171-176
- 3 Benzioni H, Shahar R, Yudelevitch S, Milgram J. Bacterial infective arthritis of the coxofemoral joint in dogs with hip dysplasia. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2008; 21 (03) 262-266
- 4 Diefenbeck M, Mückley T, Hofmann GO. Prophylaxis and treatment of implant-related infections by local application of antibiotics. Injury 2006; 37 (Suppl. 02) S95-S104
- 5 Innes JF. Arthritis. In: Johnston SA, Tobias KM. eds. Veterinary Surgery Small Animal. St. Louis: Elsevier; 2018: 1265-1299
- 6 Hayes G, Moens N, Gibson T. A review of local antibiotic implants and applications to veterinary orthopaedic surgery. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2013; 26 (04) 251-259
- 7 Adams VJ, Campbell JR, Waldner CL, Dowling PM, Shmon CL. Evaluation of client compliance with short-term administration of antimicrobials to dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005; 226 (04) 567-574
- 8 Boothe DM. Interpreting culture and susceptibility data in critical care: perks and pitfalls. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2010; 20 (01) 110-131
- 9 Van Vlaenderen I, Nautrup BP, Gasper SM. Estimation of the clinical and economic consequences of non-compliance with antimicrobial treatment of canine skin infections. Prev Vet Med 2011; 99 (2-4): 201-210
- 10 Buchholz HW, Elson RA, Engelbrecht E, Lodenkämper H, Röttger J, Siegel A. Management of deep infection of total hip replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1981; 63-B (03) 342-353
- 11 Ham K, Griffon D, Seddighi M, Johnson AL. Clinical application of tobramycin-impregnated calcium sulfate beads in six dogs (2002-2004). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2008; 44 (06) 320-326
- 12 Hayes G, Gibson T, Moens NM. et al. Intra-articular implantation of gentamicin impregnated collagen sponge causes joint inflammation and impaired renal function in dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2016; 29 (02) 159-163
- 13 Owen MR, Moores AP, Coe RJ. Management of MRSA septic arthritis in a dog using a gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponge. J Small Anim Pract 2004; 45 (12) 609-612
- 14 Thomas LA, Bizikova T, Minihan AC. In vitro elution and antibacterial activity of clindamycin, amikacin, and vancomycin from R-gel polymer. Vet Surg 2011; 40 (06) 774-780
- 15 Reed TP, Thomas LA, Weeren FR, Ruth JD, Anders BB. A novel dextran polymer hydrogel local antimicrobial therapy in dogs: a pilot study. Can Vet J 2016; 57 (02) 189-195
- 16 Hart SK, Barrett JG, Brown JA, Papich MG, Powers BE, Sullins KE. Elution of antimicrobials from a cross-linked dextran gel: in vivo quantification. Equine Vet J 2013; 45 (02) 148-153
- 17 Royer Biomedical Inc. 2019 . Royer biomedical. Accessed October 24, 2021, Retrieved from http://www.royerbiomedical.com
- 18 Marchevsky AM, Read RA. Bacterial septic arthritis in 19 dogs. Aust Vet J 1999; 77 (04) 233-237
- 19 Mielke B, Comerford E, English K, Meeson R. Spontaneous septic arthritis of canine elbows: twenty-one cases. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2018; 31 (06) 488-493
- 20 Tam VH, Louie A, Fritsche TR. et al. Impact of drug-exposure intensity and duration of therapy on the emergence of Staphylococcus aureus resistance to a quinolone antimicrobial. J Infect Dis 2007; 195 (12) 1818-1827
- 21 Marra AR, de Almeida SM, Correa L. et al. The effect of limiting antimicrobial therapy duration on antimicrobial resistance in the critical care setting. Am J Infect Control 2009; 37 (03) 204-209
- 22 Scharf VF, Lewis ST, Wellehan JF. et al. Retrospective evaluation of the efficacy of isolating bacteria from synovial fluid in dogs with suspected septic arthritis. Aust Vet J 2015; 93 (06) 200-203
- 23 Soontornvipart K, Kohout P, Proks P. Septic arthritis in dogs: a retrospective study of 20 cases. Acta Vet Brno 2003; 72: 405-413
- 24 Baggot JD, Ling GV, Chatfield RC. Clinical pharmacokinetics of amikacin in dogs. Am J Vet Res 1985; 46 (08) 1793-1796