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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Indian J Plast Surg 2022; 55(02): 174-178
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740078
Review Article

Gender Affirming Laryngeal and Voice Surgery

Rakesh Srivastava
1   Raj ENT Centre & Voice Clinic, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Abstract

Gender affirmation laryngeal and voice surgeries are components of “voice-lift” or cosmetic voice surgeries. Feminization surgery can modify vocal folds (fundamental frequency [Fo]) and vocal tract (resonance frequency). For increased pitch, vocal folds should be shorter, thinner, and tighter. Cricothyroid approximation (CTA) surgery increases tension of the vocal folds. Endoscopic procedures for pitch raising are done by shortening the length and reducing mass of vocal folds. This shortening is achieved by surgically creating anterior glottic web. Comparing the results of various open and endoscopic surgical techniques, fundamental frequency (Fo) is raised maximally and remains stable after GL as compared with CTA.

Keywords

transgender - phonosurgery


Publication History

Article published online:
24 June 2022

© 2022. Association of Plastic Surgeons of India. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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