Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741077
Reprocessing and Reuse of Endoscopic Accessories
Funding None.Abstract
Endoscopic accessories are critical devices that breach sterile body sites. They have unique reprocessing difficulties compared with other medical and surgical devices because of their complex structure, narrow lumens, thermolabile construction materials, and application through a semicritical endoscopic device. In addition, there is the possibility of functional derangement of endoscopic accessories with reprocessing, and most are now marketed as single-use devices. While reprocessing of endoscopes has been the subject of numerous societal guidelines, the issue of reprocessing endoscopic accessories and ancillary detachable devices used with the endoscope is seldom addressed. We summarize the existing data on the cleaning and reprocessing of endoscopic accessories.
Keywords
endoscopic accessories - reprocessing - sterilization - biopsy forceps - papillotomes - snares - basketsAuthors' Contribution
Vikram Bhatia wrote the manuscript. Vaishali Bhardwaj and Harsh Vardhan Tevethia reviewed and contributed to the manuscript.
Publication History
Article published online:
15 January 2022
© 2022. Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy of India. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India
-
References
- 1 Spaulding EH. Chemical disinfection of medical and surgical materials. In: Lawrence C, Block SS. eds. Disinfection, Sterilization, and Preservation. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger; 1968: 517-531
- 2 Beilenhoff U, Biering H, Blum R. et al. Reprocessing of flexible endoscopes and endoscopic accessories used in gastrointestinal endoscopy: Position Statement of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and European Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates (ESGENA) - Update 2018. Endoscopy 2018; 50 (12) 1205-1234
- 3 Greene VW. Reuse of disposable medical devices: historical and current aspects. Infect Control 1986; 7 (10) 508-513
- 4 Chan-Myers H, McAlister D, Antonoplos P. Natural bioburden levels detected on rigid lumened medical devices before and after cleaning. Am J Infect Control 1997; 25 (06) 471-476
- 5 Rutala WA, Gergen MF, Jones JF, Weber DJ. Levels of microbial contamination on surgical instruments. Am J Infect Control 1998; 26 (02) 143-145
- 6 Nyström B. Disinfection of surgical instruments. J Hosp Infect 1981; 2 (04) 363-368
- 7 Lee RM, Kozarek RA, Sumida SE, Raltz SL. Risk of contamination of sterile biopsy forceps in disinfected endoscopes. Gastrointest Endosc 1998; 47 (05) 377-381
- 8 Kinney TP, Kozarek RA, Raltz S, Attia F. Contamination of single-use biopsy forceps: a prospective in vitro analysis. Gastrointest Endosc 2002; 56 (02) 209-212
- 9 Ahuja V, Tandon RK. Survey of gastrointestinal endoscope disinfection and accessory reprocessing practices in the Asia-Pacific region. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000; 15 (Suppl): G78-G81
- 10 Food and Drug Administration. Enforcement Priorities for Single-Use Devices Reprocessed by Third Parties and Hospitals. Rockville, MD: 2000
- 11 World Health Organization. Decontamination and reprocessing of medical devices for health-care facilities. Accessed August 30, 2021 at: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/250232/9789241549851-eng.pdf
- 12 https://store.jointcommissioninternational.org/assets/3/7/jci_2018_publications_brochure_final_11.2017.pdf . Accessed August 30, 2021
- 13 Vickery K, Pajkos A, Cossart Y. Removal of biofilm from endoscopes: evaluation of detergent efficiency. Am J Infect Control 2004; 32 (03) 170-176
- 14 Alfa MJ, Nemes R. Inadequacy of manual cleaning for reprocessing single-use, triple-lumen sphinctertomes: simulated-use testing comparing manual with automated cleaning methods. Am J Infect Control 2003; 31 (04) 193-207
- 15 Abbott CF, Cockton J, Jones W. Resistance of crystalline substances to gas sterilisation. J Pharm Pharmacol 1956; 8 (10) 709-720
- 16 Jacobs P. Cleaning: principles, methods and benefits. In: Rutala WA. ed. Disinfection, sterilization, and antisepsis in healthcare. Champlain, NY: Polyscience Publications; 1998: 165-181
- 17 Hambrick III D. Reprocessing of single-use endoscopic biopsy forceps and snares. One hospital's study. Gastroenterol Nurs 2001; 24 (03) 112-115
- 18 Heeg P, Roth K, Reichl R, Cogdill CP, Bond WW. Decontaminated single-use devices: an oxymoron that may be placing patients at risk for cross-contamination. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2001; 22 (09) 542-549
- 19 Jung M, Beilenhoff U, Pietsch M, Kraft B, Rippin G. Standardized reprocessing of reusable colonoscopy biopsy forceps is effective: results of a German multicenter study. Endoscopy 2003; 35 (03) 197-202
- 20 Kozarek RA, Attia FM, Sumida SE. et al. Reusable biopsy forceps: a prospective evaluation of cleaning, function, adequacy of tissue specimen, and durability. Gastrointest Endosc 2001; 53 (07) 747-750
- 21 Rizzo J, Bernstein D, Gress F. A performance, safety and cost comparison of reusable and disposable endoscopic biopsy forceps: a prospective, randomized trial. Gastrointest Endosc 2000; 51 (03) 257-261
- 22 Yang R, Ng S, Nichol M, Laine L. A cost and performance evaluation of disposable and reusable biopsy forceps in GI endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2000; 51 (03) 266-270
- 23 Yoon JH, Yoon BC, Lee HL. et al. Comparison of sterilization of reusable endoscopic biopsy forceps by autoclaving and ethylene oxide gas. Dig Dis Sci 2012; 57 (02) 405-412
- 24 Cohen J, Haber GB, Kortan P. et al. A prospective study of the repeated use of sterilized papillotomes and retrieval baskets for ERCP: quality and cost analysis. Gastrointest Endosc 1997; 45 (02) 122-127
- 25 Prat F, Spieler JF, Paci S. et al. Reliability, cost-effectiveness, and safety of reuse of ancillary devices for ERCP. Gastrointest Endosc 2004; 60 (02) 246-252
- 26 Lee RM, Vida F, Kozarek RA. et al. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a reusable double-channel sphincterotome. Gastrointest Endosc 1999; 49 (4 Pt 1): 477-482
- 27 Bhatia V, Gupta A, Sharma S. et al. Residual contamination and bioburden after reprocessing of single-use endoscopic ultrasound needles: an ex vivo study. Dig Endosc 2017; 29 (02) 175-181
- 28 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sterilizing practices: guideline for disinfection and sterilization in healthcare facilities. Accessed August 29, 2021 at: https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/disinfection/sterilization/sterilizing-practices.html
- 29 Mayworm D. Sterile shelf life and expiration dating. J Hosp Supply Process Distrib 1984; 2 (06) 32-35