Efficacy of Rice Husk Nanosilica as A Caries Treatment (Dentin Hydroxyapatite and Antimicrobial Analysis)

Abstract

Objective Rice husk nanosilica has a porous, amorphous structure with a silica (SiO₂) surface. Silica interacts with calcium ions to form hydroxyapatite and can induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which harm microorganisms. This research determines the effect of rice husk nanosilica on the increase in dentin hydroxyapatite and its antimicrobial effects against Streptococcus mutans.

Materials and Methods We divided 27 dental cavity samples into three groups (n = 9). Group 1: normal dentin, Group 2: demineralized dentin, Group 3: demineralized dentin treated with rice husk nanosilica. The samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to evaluate the formation of dentin hydroxyapatite. To analyze the viability of S. mutans after exposure to 2% nanosilica rice husk, we conducted an antimicrobial MTT assay.

Statistical Analysis The Kruskal–Wallis test evaluates the formation of dentin hydroxyapatite, and the t-test evaluates the viability of S. mutans.

Results There was an increase in the amount of dentin hydroxyapatite after the application of rice husk nanosilica compared with the control group (normal dentin), and 2% rice husk nanosilica had an antimicrobial effect (p < 0.005) in the group exposed to it.

Conclusion Rice husk nanosilica can induce the formation of dentin hydroxyapatite and has antimicrobial effects.

Keywords

nanosilica - rice husk - hydroxyapatite - Streptococcus mutans - antimicrobial

Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
21. Juni 2022

• References

• 1 Cao CY, Mei ML, Li QL, Lo EC, Chu CH, Chu CH. Methods for biomimetic remineralization of human dentine: a systematic review. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16 (03) 4615-4627
• 2 Chen Z, Cao S, Wang H. et al. Biomimetic remineralization of demineralized dentine using scaffold of CMC/ACP nanocomplexes in an in vitro tooth model of deep caries. PLoS One 2015; 10 (01) e0116553
• 3 Bertassoni LE, Habelitz S, Kinney JH, Marshall SJ, Marshall Jr GW. Biomechanical perspective on the remineralization of dentin. Caries Res 2009; 43 (01) 70-77
• 4 Simón-Soro A, Belda-Ferre P, Cabrera-Rubio R, Alcaraz LD, Mira A. A tissue-dependent hypothesis of dental caries. Caries Res 2013; 47 (06) 591-600
• 5 Pradiptama Y, Purwanta M, Notopuro H. Antibacterial effects of fluoride in Streptococcus mutans growth in vitro. Biomolecular and Health Science Journal 2019; 2 (01)
• 6 Meng Y, Wu T, Billings R, Kopycka-Kedzierawski DT, Xiao J. Human genes influence the interaction between Streptococcus mutans and host caries susceptibility: a genome-wide association study in children with primary dentition. Int J Oral Sci 2019; 11 (02) 19
• 7 Sanz M, Beighton D, Curtis MA. et al. Role of microbial biofilms in the maintenance of oral health and in the development of dental caries and periodontal diseases. Consensus report of group 1 of the Joint EFP/ORCA workshop on the boundaries between caries and periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44 (Suppl. 18) S5-S11
• 8 Marsh PD, Moter A, Devine DA. Dental plaque biofilms: communities, conflict and control. Periodontol 2000 2011; 55 (01) 16-35
• 9 Valm AM. The structure of dental plaque microbial communities in the transition from health to dental caries and periodontal disease. J Mol Biol 2019; 431 (16) 2957-2969
• 10 Banas JA, Vickerman MM. Glucan-binding proteins of the oral streptococci. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 2003; 14 (02) 89-99
• 11 Smith DJ. Dental caries vaccines: prospects and concerns. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 2002; 13 (04) 335-349
• 12 Ghorbani F, Sanati AM, Maleki N. Production of silica nanoparticles from rice husk as agricultural waste by environmental friendly technique. Environmental Studies of Persian Gulf 2015; 2 (01) 56-65
• 13 Fernandes LJ, Felipe AL, Sánchez, José R. Jurado, Physical, chemical and electric characterization of thermally treated rice husk ash and its potential application as ceramic raw material. The Society of Powder Technology Japan. Published by Elsevier, 2017
• 14 Karumuri S, Mandava J, Pamidimukkala S, Uppalapati LV, Konagala RK, Dasari L. Efficacy of hydroxyapatite and silica nanoparticles on erosive lesions remineralization. J Conserv Dent 2020; 23 (03) 265-269
• 15 Rößler S, Unbehau R, Gemming T, Kruppke B, Wiesmann H-P, Hanke T. Calcite incorporated in silica/collagen xerogels mediates calcium release and enhances osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Sci Rep 2020; 10 (01) 118
• 16 Besinis A, van Noort R, Martin N. Remineralization potential of fully demineralized dentin infiltrated with silica and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. Dent Mater 2014; 30 (03) 249-262
• 17 Lin GSS, Abdul Ghani NRN, Ismail NH, Singbal KP, Yusuff NMM. Polymerization shrinkage and degree of conversion of new zirconia-reinforced rice husk nanohybrid composite. Eur J Dent 2020; 14 (03) 448-455
• 18 Shin SW, Song IH, Um SH. Role of physicochemical properties in nanoparticle toxicity. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2015; 5 (03) 1351-1365
• 19 Mardones J, Ml G, Díaz C, Galleguillos C, Covarrubias C. In vitro antibacterial properties of copper nanoparticles as endodontic medicament against Enterococcus faecalis . J Dent Oral Disord 2018; 4 (06) 1-5
• 20 Kandaswamy E, Nagendrababu V. Antimicrobial effect of nanoparticles in endodontics. In: Nanobiomaterials in Dentistry. Elsevier; 2016
• 21 Besinis A, De Peralta T, Handy RD. The antibacterial effects of silver, titanium dioxide and silica dioxide nanoparticles compared to the dental disinfectant chlorhexidine on Streptococcus mutans using a suite of bioassays. Nanotoxicology 2014; 8 (01) 1-16
• 22 Allaker RP. The use of nanoparticles to control oral biofilm formation. J Dent Res 2010; 89 (11) 1175-1186
• 23 Budhy TI, Arundina I, Surboyo MDC, Halimah AN. The effects of rice husk liquid smoke in Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced periodontitis. Eur J Dent 2021; 15 (04) 653-659
• 24 Yamakoshi Y. Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentin. J Oral Biosci 2008; 50 (01) 33-44
• 25 Goldberg M, Kulkarni AB, Young M, Boskey A. Dentin: structure, composition and mineralization. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2011; 3 (02) 711-735
• 26 He L, Hao Y, Zhen L. et al. Biomineralization of dentin. J Struct Biol 2019; 207 (02) 115-122
• 27 Goldberg M. Superficial and deep carious lesions. In: Goldberg M. ed. Understanding Dental Caries. Springer International; 2016: 85-96
• 28 Mazzoni A, Tjäderhane L, Checchi V. et al. Role of dentin MMPs in caries progression and bond stability. J Dent Res 2015; 94 (02) 241-251
• 29 Zhang X, Deng X, Wu Y. Remineralizing nanomaterials for minimally invasive dentistry. In: Kishen A. ed. Nanotechnology in Endodontics. Springers; 2015: 173-193
• 30 Pate ML, Aguilar-Caballos MP, Beltrán-Aroca CM, Pérez-Vicente C, Lozano-Molina M, Girela-López E. Use of XRD and SEM/EDX to predict age and sex from fire-affected dental remains. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2018; 14 (04) 432-441
• 31 Sankar S, Sharma SK, Kaur N. et al. Biogenerated silica nanoparticles synthesized from sticky, red, and brown rice husk ashes by a chemical method. Ceram Int 2016; 42 (04) 4875-4885
• 32 Chen Y, Gao Y, Tao Y, Lin D, An S. Identification of a calcium-sensing receptor in human dental pulp cells that regulates mineral trioxide aggregate-induced mineralization. J Endod 2019; 45 (07) 907-916
• 33 Huang CY, Huang TH, Kao CT, Wu YH, Chen WC, Shie MY. Mesoporous calcium silicate nanoparticles with drug delivery and odontogenesis properties. J Endod 2017; 43 (01) 69-76
• 34 Osorio R, Toledano M. Biomaterials for catalysed mineralization of dental hard tissues. Biomineralization and Biomaterials. 2016; 365-376
• 35 Tian L, Peng C, Shi Y. et al. Effect of mesoporous silica nanoparticles on dentinal tubule occlusion: an in vitro study using SEM and image analysis. Dent Mater J 2014; 33 (01) 125-132
• 36 Combes C, Cazalbou S, Rey C. Apatite biominerals. Minerals (Basel) 2016; 6 (02) 1-26
• 37 He D, Ikeda-Ohno A, Boland DD, Waite TD. Synthesis and characterization of antibacterial silver nanoparticle-impregnated rice husks and rice husk ash. Environ Sci Technol 2013; 47 (10) 5276-5284
• 38 Bahuguna A, Khan I, Bajpai VK, Kang SC. MTT assay to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of a drug. Bangladesh J Pharmacol 2017; 12 (02) 115-118
• 39 Beyth N, Houri-Haddad Y, Domb A, Khan W, Hazan R. Alternative antimicrobial approach: nano-antimicrobial materials. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2015; 2015: 246012