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CC BY 4.0 · Eur J Dent 2023; 17(01): 046-056
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741374
Original Article

Anti-Periodontopathogenic Ability of Mangrove Leaves (Aegiceras corniculatum) Ethanol Extract: In silico and in vitro study

Alexander Patera Nugraha
1   Department Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
2   Division of Dental Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Mada Triandala Sibero 
3   Marine Science Department, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
,
Albertus Putera Nugraha
4   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Martining Shoffa Puspitaningrum
5   Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Yuniar Rizqianti
5   Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Desintya Rahmadhani
5   Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Viol Dhea Kharisma
6   Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Nastiti Faradilla Ramadhani
7   Dentomaxillofacial Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Rini Devijanti Ridwan
8   Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Tengku Natasha Eleena binti Tengku Ahmad Noor
9   609 Armed Forces Dental Clinic, Kem Semenggo, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
,
Diah Savitri Ernawati
10   Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Abstract

Objective Mangrove (Aegiceras corniculatum) is an abundant natural marine resource of Indonesia, which can be explored for treating periodontal disease due to its potential as immunoregulatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the active compound from Indonesian mangrove leaf extract (A. corniculatum) (MLE) for developing a herbal-based mouthwash through in silico and in vitro studies.

Materials and Methods Phytochemistry and liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) were done to explore the active compounds in MLE. Chemistry screening and interaction, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), molecular docking simulation, and visualization of MLE active compounds as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial were investigated in silico The inhibition zone of MLE against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) as periodontopathogenic bacterias was performed by diffusion method. Doxycycline 100 mg was used as a positive control, as a treatment group, there were five groups, namely 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% MLE.

Results Alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, triterpenoid, steroid, tannin, and quinone were detected in MLE. A high concentration of (-)epicatechin and coumaric acid (CA) were found in MLE. MLE in 100% concentration has the most effective ability to inhibit Fn, Pg, Aa growth in vitro. (-)-Epicatechin has a higher negative binding affinity than CA that can enhance heat shock protein (HSP)-30, HSP-70, HSP-90, interleukin-10, and FOXP3 and also inhibit interleukin-6, peptidoglycan, flagellin, and dectin in silico.

Conclusion MLE of A. corniculatum has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities that can be a potential raw material for developing a herbal-based mouthwash.

Keywords

mangrove leaf extract - human health - good health and well-being - medicine - dentistry


Publication History

Article published online:
22 April 2022

© 2022. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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