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CC BY 4.0 · Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2022; 44(01): 025-031
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741410
Original Article
Contraception

Epidemiological Survey on the Perception of Adverse Effects in Women Using Contraceptive Methods in Brazil

Pesquisa epidemiológica sobre a percepção dos efeitos adversos dos métodos contraceptivos por mulheres no Brasil
Gabriel Duque Pannain 
1   Department of Surgery, Section of Gynecology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
,
Vivian de Oliveira Rodrigues Brum 
1   Department of Surgery, Section of Gynecology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
,
Maria Mariana Andrade Abreu 
1   Department of Surgery, Section of Gynecology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
,
Gabriela Barbosa Lima 
1   Department of Surgery, Section of Gynecology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
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Abstract

Objective The present study aimed to understand patient perception of the adverse effects of contraceptives to improve health care and adherence to treatment.

Methods An online questionnaire was available for women in Brazil to respond to assess their perception of adverse effects and their relationship with contraceptive methods.

Results Of all 536 women who responded, 346 (64.6%) reported current contraceptive use. One hundred and twenty-two (122–34.8%) women reported having already stopped using contraception because of the adverse effects. As for the contraceptive method used, the most frequent was the combined oral contraceptive (212–39.6%). When we calculated the relative risk for headache, there was a relative risk of 2.1282 (1.3425–3.3739; 95% CI), suggesting that the use of pills increases the risk of headache, as well as edema, in which a relative risk of 1.4435 (1.0177–2.0474; 95% CI) was observed. For low libido, the use of oral hormonal contraceptives was also shown to be a risk factor since its relative risk was 1.8805 (1.3527–2.6142; 95% CI). As for acne, the use of hormonal contraceptives proved to be a protective factor, with a relative risk of 0.3015 (0.1789–0.5082; 95% CI).

Conclusion The choice of a contraceptive method must always be individualized, and the patients must be equal participants in the process knowing the expected benefits and harms of each method and hormone, when present.

Resumo

Objetivo Este estudo é destinado a entender a percepção de pacientes sobre os efeitos adversos dos métodos contraceptivos para aprimorar o atendimento médico e a aderência das mulheres ao tratamento.

Métodos Um questionário online foi disponibilizado para que mulheres no Brasil respondessem a fim de avaliar a sua percepção em relação aos efeitos adversos e a associação desses aos métodos contraceptivos.

Resultados Das 536 mulheres que responderam, 346 (64,5%) alegaram uso atual de método contraceptivo. Cento e vinte e duas (122–34,8%) mulheres disseram que já haviam parado o uso de métodos contraceptivos devido aos seus efeitos adversos. Quanto ao método contraceptivo em uso, o mais frequentemente utilizado foi o contraceptivo hormonal oral combinado (212–39,6%). Quando calculamos o risco relativo para cefaleia, foi encontrado um risco relativo de 2,1282 (1,3425–3,3739; 95% intervalo de confiança [IC]), sugerindo que o uso das pílulas aumenta o risco de ocorrência desse efeito adverso, bem como de edema, cujo risco relativo foi de 1,4435 (1,0177–2,0474; 95% IC). Em relação à redução da libido, o uso de contraceptivo hormonal oral combinado foi também considerado um fator de risco, pois seu risco relativo foi 1,8805 (1,3527–2,6142; 95% IC). No que se refere à acne, o uso de contraceptivos hormonais demonstrou ser um fator de proteção, com risco relativo de 0,3015 (0,1789–0,5082; 95% IC).

Conclusão A escolha de um método contraceptivo deve sempre ser individualizada, e as pacientes devem participar igualmente nesse processo sabendo dos benefícios e malefícios esperados de cada método e hormônio, quando presente.

Keywords

contraception - hormonal contraception - drug-related side effects and adverse reactions - gynecology - epidemiology

Palavras-chave

contracepção - contracepção hormonal - efeitos colaterais e reações adversas relacionadas ao uso de medicamentos - ginecologia - epidemiologia

Contributors

All authors were involved in the design and interpretation of the analyses, contributed to the writing of the manuscript, as well as read and approved the final manuscript.




Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 16. September 2020

Angenommen: 13. Oktober 2021

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
29. Januar 2022

© 2022. Federação Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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