Subscribe to RSS
Please copy the URL and add it into your RSS Feed Reader.
https://www.thieme-connect.de/rss/thieme/en/10.1055-s-00043283.xml
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Journal of Digestive Endoscopy 2022; 13(01): 019-029
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741423
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741423
Review Article
Endotherapy in Pancreatic Diseases
Abstract
Interventional endoscopy is now considered an effective minimally invasive treatment modality for the management of pancreatic diseases. It is important for the clinician to know the indications and contraindications as well as the timing of various endoscopic interventions. This will help in its safe and effective use and consequently decrease morbidity and mortality from various pancreatic diseases. This review will provide a broad overview of the indications, techniques, and outcomes of pancreatic endotherapy.
Publication History
Article published online:
08 February 2022
© 2022. Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy of India. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India
-
References
- 1 Buonocore MR, Germani U, Castellani D. et al. Timing of endoscopic therapy for acute bilio-pancreatic diseases: a practical overview. Ann Gastroenterol 2021; 34 (02) 125-129
- 2 Schepers NJ, Hallensleben NDL, Besselink MG. et al; Dutch Pancreatitis Study Group. Urgent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with sphincterotomy versus conservative treatment in predicted severe acute gallstone pancreatitis (APEC): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2020; 396 (10245): 167-176
- 3 Arvanitakis M, Ockenga J, Bezmarevic M. et al. ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in acute and chronic pancreatitis. Clin Nutr 2020; 39 (03) 612-631
- 4 Sharma V, Rana SS, Sharma R, Chaudhary V, Gupta R, Bhasin DK. Naso-jejunal fluid resuscitation in predicted severe acute pancreatitis: Randomized comparative study with intravenous Ringer's lactate. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 31 (01) 265-269
- 5 Rana SS, Chaudhary V, Sharma R, Sharma V, Chhabra P, Bhasin DK. Impact of nasojejunal feeding on outcome of patients with walled off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN) presenting with pain: a pilot study. J Gastrointest Surg 2015; 19 (09) 1621-1624
- 6 Braha J, Tenner S. Fluid collections and pseudocysts as a complication of acute pancreatitis. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2018; 28 (02) 123-130
- 7 van Santvoort HC, Bakker OJ, Bollen TL. et al. Dutch Pancreatitis Study Group. A conservative and minimally invasive approach to necrotizing pancreatitis improves outcome. Gastroenterology 2011; 141: 1254-1263
- 8 Gurakar M, Faghih M, Singh VK. Endoscopic intervention in pancreatitis: perspectives from a gastroenterologist. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2020; 45 (05) 1308-1315
- 9 Trikudanathan G, Tawfik P, Amateau SK. et al. Early (<4 weeks) versus standard (≥ 4 weeks) endoscopically centered step-up interventions for necrotizing pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2018; 113 (10) 1550-1558
- 10 Rana SS, Verma S, Kang M, Gorsi U, Sharma R, Gupta R. Comparison of endoscopic versus percutaneous drainage of symptomatic pancreatic necrosis in the early (< 4 weeks) phase of illness. Endosc Ultrasound 2020; 9 (06) 402-409
- 11 Rana SS, Sharma R, Kishore K, Dhalaria L, Gupta R. Safety and efficacy of early (<4 weeks of illness) endoscopic transmural drainage of post-acute pancreatic necrosis predominantly located in the body of the pancreas. J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 25 (09) 2328-2335
- 12 Mouli VP, Sreenivas V, Garg PK. Efficacy of conservative treatment, without necrosectomy, for infected pancreatic necrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 2013; 144 (02) 333-340.e2
- 13 Takahashi N, Papachristou GI, Schmit GD. et al. CT findings of walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN): differentiation from pseudocyst and prediction of outcome after endoscopic therapy. Eur Radiol 2008; 18 (11) 2522-2529
- 14 Rana SS. An overview of walled-off pancreatic necrosis for clinicians. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 13 (04) 331-343
- 15 Rana SS, Sharma RK, Gupta P, Gupta R. Natural course of asymptomatic walled off pancreatic necrosis. Dig Liver Dis 2019; 51 (05) 730-734
- 16 Samuelson AL, Shah RJ. Endoscopic management of pancreatic pseudocysts. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2012; 41 (01) 47-62
- 17 Varadarajulu S, Rana SS, Bhasin DK. Endoscopic therapy for pancreatic duct leaks and disruptions. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2013; 23 (04) 863-892
- 18 Hookey LC, Debroux S, Delhaye M, Arvanitakis M, Le Moine O, Devière J. Endoscopic drainage of pancreatic-fluid collections in 116 patients: a comparison of etiologies, drainage techniques, and outcomes. Gastrointest Endosc 2006; 63 (04) 635-643
- 19 Yang D, Amin S, Gonzalez S. et al. Transpapillary drainage has no added benefit on treatment outcomes in patients undergoing EUS-guided transmural drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts: a large multicenter study. Gastrointest Endosc 2016; 83 (04) 720-729
- 20 Rana SS, Sharma V, Sharma R. Endoscopic transmural drainage versus combined transmural and transpapillary drainage in pseudocysts. Gastrointest Endosc 2016; 84 (03) 548-549
- 21 Bhasin DK, Rana SS, Nanda M. et al. Comparative evaluation of transpapillary drainage with nasopancreatic drain and stent in patients with large pseudocysts located near tail of pancreas. J Gastrointest Surg 2011; 15 (05) 772-776
- 22 Telford JJ, Farrell JJ, Saltzman JR. et al. Pancreatic stent placement for duct disruption. Gastrointest Endosc 2002; 56 (01) 18-24
- 23 Binmoeller KF, Nett A. The evolution of endoscopic cystgastrostomy. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2018; 28 (02) 143-156
- 24 Park DH, Lee SS, Moon SH. et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided versus conventional transmural drainage for pancreatic pseudocysts: a prospective randomized trial. Endoscopy 2009; 41 (10) 842-848
- 25 Varadarajulu S, Christein JD, Tamhane A, Drelichman ER, Wilcox CM. Prospective randomized trial comparing EUS and EGD for transmural drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc 2008; 68 (06) 1102-1111
- 26 Guzmán-Calderón E, Chacaltana A, Díaz R, Li B, Martinez-Moreno B, Aparicio JR. Head-to-head comparison between endoscopic ultrasound guided lumen apposing metal stent and plastic stents for the treatment of pancreatic fluid collections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. [published online ahead of print, 2021 Jun 9] J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 2021;
- 27 Chen YI, Khashab MA, Adam V. et al. Plastic stents are more cost-effective than lumen-apposing metal stents in management of pancreatic pseudocysts. Endosc Int Open 2018; 6 (07) E780-E788
- 28 Shah R, Basha J, Rana S. et al. Endoscopic management of pancreatic fluid collections: Guidelines of Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy of India and Indian EUS Club. J Digest Endosc 2021; 12: 3-10
- 29 Alali A, Mosko J, May G, Teshima C. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided management of pancreatic fluid collections: update and review of the literature. Clin Endosc 2017; 50 (02) 117-125
- 30 Hollemans RA, Bakker OJ, Boermeester MA. et al; Dutch Pancreatitis Study Group. Superiority of step-up approach vs open necrosectomy in long-term follow-up of patients with necrotizing pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 2019; 156 (04) 1016-1026
- 31 Bakker OJ, van Santvoort HC, van Brunschot S. et al; Dutch Pancreatitis Study Group. Endoscopic transgastric vs surgical necrosectomy for infected necrotizing pancreatitis: a randomized trial. JAMA 2012; 307 (10) 1053-1061
- 32 van Brunschot S, van Grinsven J, van Santvoort HC. et al; Dutch Pancreatitis Study Group. Endoscopic or surgical step-up approach for infected necrotising pancreatitis: a multicentre randomised trial. Lancet 2018; 391 (10115): 51-58
- 33 Bang JY, Arnoletti JP, Holt BA. et al. An endoscopic transluminal approach, compared with minimally invasive surgery, reduces complications and costs for patients with necrotizing pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 2019; 156 (04) 1027-1040.e3
- 34 Chen YI, Yang J, Friedland S. et al. Lumen apposing metal stents are superior to plastic stents in pancreatic walled-off necrosis: a large international multicenter study. Endosc Int Open 2019; 7 (03) E347-E354
- 35 Rana SS, Sharma R, Dhalaria L, Gupta R. Efficacy and safety of plastic versus lumen-apposing metal stents for transmural drainage of walled-off necrosis: a retrospective single-center study. Ann Gastroenterol 2020; 33 (04) 426-432
- 36 Bang JY, Navaneethan U, Hasan MK, Sutton B, Hawes R, Varadarajulu S. Non-superiority of lumen-apposing metal stents over plastic stents for drainage of walled-off necrosis in a randomised trial. Gut 2019; 68 (07) 1200-1209
- 37 Rana SS, Sharma V, Sharma R, Gupta R, Bhasin DK. Endoscopic ultrasound guided transmural drainage of walled off pancreatic necrosis using a “step - up” approach: a single centre experience. Pancreatology 2017; 17 (02) 203-208
- 38 Jagielski M, Jackowski M. The role of endoscopic transpapillary stenting of the main pancreatic duct during the endoscopic treatment of pancreatic fluid collections. J Clin Med 2021; 10 (04) 761
- 39 Verma S, Rana SS. Disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome: updated review on clinical implications and management. Pancreatology 2020; 20 (06) 1035-1044
- 40 Rana SS, Shah J, Sharma RK, Gupta R. Clinical and morphological consequences of permanent indwelling transmural plastic stents in disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome. Endosc Ultrasound 2020; 9 (02) 130-137
- 41 Rana SS, Sharma R, Gupta R. Endoscopic treatment of refractory external pancreatic fistulae with disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome. Pancreatology 2019; 19 (04) 608-613
- 42 Guo A, Poneros JM. The role of endotherapy in recurrent acute pancreatitis. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2018; 28 (04) 455-476
- 43 Jagannath S, Garg PK. Recurrent acute pancreatitis: current concepts in the diagnosis and management. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol 2018; 16 (04) 449-465
- 44 Zakko L, Gardner TB. Endoscopic management of recurrent acute pancreatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 17 (11) 2167-2170
- 45 Testoni PA, Testoni S. ERCP-guided endoscopic therapy for recurrent acute pancreatitis in normal pancreas and chronic pancreatitis. J Pancreas. 2020
- 46 Guda NM, Romagnuolo J, Freeman ML. Recurrent and relapsing pancreatitis. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2011; 13 (02) 140-149
- 47 Gutta A, Fogel E, Sherman S. Identification and management of pancreas divisum. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 13 (11) 1089-1105
- 48 Meng QQ, Zhao SB, Wang ZJ. et al. Incidence and risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis in pancreas divisum patients without chronic pancreatitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2020; 55 (06) 732-736
- 49 Michailidis L, Aslam B, Grigorian A, Mardini H. The efficacy of endoscopic therapy for pancreas divisum: a meta-analysis. Ann Gastroenterol 2017; 30 (05) 550-558 [PMID: 28845111]
- 50 Goyal O, Singh A, Goyal P. Long term outcome of endoscopic minor papillotomy in patients with symptomatic pancreas divisum: experience from northern India. Asian Journal of Research and Reports in Gastroenterology 2020; 3: 6-11
- 51 Mariani A, Di Leo M, Petrone MC. et al. Outcome of endotherapy for pancreas divisum in patients with acute recurrent pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20 (46) 17468-17475 [PMID: 25516660]
- 52 Yaghoobi M, Romagnuolo J. Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction: updates from the recent literature. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2015; 17 (08) 31 [PMID: 26143628]
- 53 Coté GA, Imperiale TF, Schmidt SE. et al. Similar efficacies of biliary, with or without pancreatic, sphincterotomy in treatment of idiopathic recurrent acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 2012; 143 (06) 1502-1509.e1 [PMID: 22982183]
- 54 Elton E, Howell DA, Parsons WG, Qaseem T, Hanson BL. Endoscopic pancreatic sphincterotomy: indications, outcome, and a safe stentless technique. Gastrointest Endosc 1998; 47 (03) 240-249
- 55 Dufault DL, Elmunzer BJ, Cotton PB, Williams A, Cote GA. Adverse events and reinterventions following pancreatic endoscopic sphincterotomy. Pancreas 2018; 47 (07) 880-883 [PMID: 29912853]
- 56 Coyle WJ, Pineau BC, Tarnasky PR. et al. Evaluation of unexplained acute and acute recurrent pancreatitis using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, sphincter of Oddi manometry and endoscopic ultrasound. Endoscopy 2002; 34 (08) 617-623
- 57 Rana SS, Bhasin DK, Rao C, Singh K. Role of endoscopic ultrasound in idiopathic acute pancreatitis with negative ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. Ann Gastroenterol 2012; 25 (02) 133-137
- 58 Jearth V, Giri S, Sundaram S. Approach to management of pancreatic strictures: the gastroenterologist's perspective. Clin J Gastroenterol 2021; 14 (06) 1587-1597
- 59 Rana SS, Shah J, Bush N, Sharma R, Dhalaria L, Gupta R. Endoscopic dilatation of tight difficult pancreatic duct strictures: Soehendra stent retriever or wire guided cystotome. Pancreatology 2021; 21 (02) 498-499
- 60 Li TT, Song SL, Xiao LN, Wang CH. Efficacy of fully covered self-expandable metal stents for the management of pancreatic duct strictures in chronic pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 35 (07) 1099-1106
- 61 Sofi AA, Khan MA, Ahmad S. et al. Comparison of clinical outcomes of multiple plastic stents and covered metal stent in refractory pancreatic ductal strictures in chronic pancreatitis - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pancreatology 2021; 21 (05) 854-861
- 62 Dumonceau JM, Delhaye M, Tringali A. et al. Endoscopic treatment of chronic pancreatitis: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline - Updated August 2018. Endoscopy 2019; 51 (02) 179-193
- 63 Sharzehi K. Management of pancreatic duct stones. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2019; 21 (11) 63
- 64 Beyna T, Neuhaus H, Gerges C. Endoscopic treatment of pancreatic duct stones under direct vision: revolution or resignation? Systematic review. Dig Endosc 2018; 30 (01) 29-37
- 65 Saghir SM, Mashiana HS, Mohan BP. et al. Efficacy of pancreatoscopy for pancreatic duct stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26 (34) 5207-5219
- 66 Rana SS, Sharma R, Chhabra P, Sharma V, Gupta R, Bhasin DK. Endoscopic management of splenic pseudocysts associated with acute and chronic pancreatitis. Ann Gastroenterol 2016; 29 (03) 373-377
- 67 Bhasin DK, Rana SS, Nanda M. et al. Endoscopic management of pancreatic pseudocysts at atypical locations. Surg Endosc 2010; 24 (05) 1085-1091
- 68 Rana SS, Dawra S, Sharma R, Kang M, Gupta R. Clinical manifestations, imaging features, and endoscopic management of renal pseudocysts: a case series. Ann Gastroenterol 2020; 33 (03) 313-317
- 69 Santosh D, Lakhtakia S, Gupta R. et al. Clinical trial: a randomized trial comparing fluoroscopy guided percutaneous technique vs. endoscopic ultrasound guided technique of coeliac plexus block for treatment of pain in chronic pancreatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009; 29 (09) 979-984
- 70 Familiari P, Boškoski I, Bove V, Costamagna G. ERCP for biliary strictures associated with chronic pancreatitis. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2013; 23 (04) 833-845
- 71 Haapamäki C, Kylänpää L, Udd M. et al. Randomized multicenter study of multiple plastic stents vs. covered self-expandable metallic stent in the treatment of biliary stricture in chronic pancreatitis. Endoscopy 2015; 47 (07) 605-610
- 72 Lakhtakia S, Reddy N, Dolak W. et al; Benign Biliary Stenoses Working Group. Long-term outcomes after temporary placement of a self-expanding fully covered metal stent for benign biliary strictures secondary to chronic pancreatitis. Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 91 (02) 361-369.e3
- 73 Regimbeau JM, Fuks D, Bartoli E. et al. A comparative study of surgery and endoscopy for the treatment of bile duct stricture in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Surg Endosc 2012; 26 (10) 2902-2908
- 74 Bhasin DK, Rana SS, Rawal P. Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography in pancreatic trauma: need to break the mental barrier. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 24 (05) 720-728
- 75 Rana SS, Bhasin DK, Nanda M. et al. Endoscopic transpapillary drainage for external fistulas developing after surgical or radiological pancreatic interventions. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 25 (06) 1087-1092
- 76 Bhasin DK, Rana SS. Combining transpapillary pancreatic duct stenting with endoscopic transmural drainage for pancreatic fluid collections: two heads are better than one!. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 25 (03) 433-434
- 77 Bakker OJ, van Baal MC, van Santvoort HC. et al; Dutch Pancreatitis Study Group. Endoscopic transpapillary stenting or conservative treatment for pancreatic fistulas in necrotizing pancreatitis: multicenter series and literature review. Ann Surg 2011; 253 (05) 961-967
- 78 Nakai Y, Hamada T, Isayama H, Itoi T, Koike K. Endoscopic management of combined malignant biliary and gastric outlet obstruction. Dig Endosc 2017; 29 (01) 16-25
- 79 Sharaiha RZ, Khan MA, Kamal F. et al. Efficacy and safety of EUS-guided biliary drainage in comparison with percutaneous biliary drainage when ERCP fails: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc 2017; 85 (05) 904-914
- 80 Nakai Y, Takahara N, Mizuno S, Kogure H, Koike K. Current status of endoscopic ultrasound techniques for pancreatic neoplasms. Clin Endosc 2019; 52 (06) 527-532
- 81 Kouanda A, Binmoeller K, Hamerski C, Nett A, Bernabe J, Watson R. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy versus open surgical gastrojejunostomy: clinical outcomes and cost effectiveness analysis. Surg Endosc 2021; 35 (12) 7058-7067
- 82 Dhaliwal A, Kolli S, Dhindsa BS. et al. Efficacy of EUS-RFA in pancreatic tumors: is it ready for prime time? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Endosc Int Open 2020; 8 (10) E1243-E1251
- 83 Wang J, Zhao L, Zhou C. et al. Percutaneous intraductal radiofrequency ablation combined with biliary stent placement for nonresectable malignant biliary obstruction improves stent patency but not survival. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95 (15) e3329
- 84 Lennon AM, Newman N, Makary MA. et al. EUS-guided tattooing before laparoscopic distal pancreatic resection (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2010; 72 (05) 1089-1094
- 85 Tempero MA, Malafa MP, Al-Hawary M. et al. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, version 1.2020. Plymouth Meeting: National Comprehensive Cancer Network. 2019
- 86 Machicado JD, Obuch JC, Goodman KA. et al. Endoscopic ultrasound placement of preloaded fiducial markers shortens procedure time compared to back-loaded markers. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 17 (13) 2749-2758.e2
- 87 Lévy P, Rebours V. The role of endoscopic ultrasound in the diagnosis of cystic lesions of the pancreas. Visc Med 2018; 34 (03) 192-196
- 88 European Study Group on Cystic Tumours of the Pancreas. European evidence-based guidelines on pancreatic cystic neoplasms. Gut 2018; 67 (05) 789-804
- 89 Koo CS, Ho KY. The role of EUS-FNA in the evaluation of pancreatic cystic lesions. Endosc Ultrasound 2020; 9 (02) 71-75
- 90 Faias S, Pereira L, Luís Â, Chaves P, Cravo M. Genetic testing vs microforceps biopsy in pancreatic cysts: systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25 (26) 3450-3467
- 91 Bispo M, Caldeira A, Leite S. et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided ablation of focal pancreatic lesions: the GRUPUGE perspective. GE Port J Gastroenterol 2020; 27 (06) 410-416
- 92 Moyer MT, Sharzehi S, Mathew A. et al. The safety and efficacy of an alcohol-free pancreatic cyst ablation protocol. Gastroenterology 2017; 153 (05) 1295-1303
- 93 Barthet M, Giovannini M, Lesavre N. et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and pancreatic cystic neoplasms: a prospective multicenter study. Endoscopy 2019; 51 (09) 836-842
- 94 Lakhtakia S, Ramchandani M, Galasso D. et al. EUS-guided radiofrequency ablation for management of pancreatic insulinoma by using a novel needle electrode (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc 2016; 83 (01) 234-239
- 95 Park DH, Choi JH, Oh D. et al. Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided ethanol ablation for small pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: results of a pilot study. Clin Endosc 2015; 48 (02) 158-164
- 96 So H, Oh D, Seo D. Recent developments in endoscopic ultrasound-guided ablation treatment. Int J Gastrointest Interv 2020; 9: 135-141