Download PDF
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · International Journal of Epilepsy 2021; 07(02): 052-058
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1742275
Original Article

Anchusa italica Retz. Hydro-Alcoholic Extract through Attenuation of Oxidative Stress Exerts an Anticonvulsant Effect on the Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizure in Mice

Mohammad Rahimi-Madiseh   *
1   Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
,
Shakiba Nasiri-Boroujeni   *
1   Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
,
Zahra Lorigooini
1   Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
,
Meysam Nazari
1   Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
,
Reihaneh Sadeghian
1   Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
,
Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
1   Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
,
Hossein Amini-Khoei 
1   Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
› Author Affiliations
› Further Information
Also available at
   Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Introduction It has been shown that oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of seizure. Current anticonvulsants have side effects, thus further studies are needed to find new agents with low side effects. Anchusa italica Retz. has been suggested to have antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. The present study aimed to determine the anticonvulsant effects of A. italica hydro-alcoholic extract on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in mice focusing on its possible antioxidative stress properties.

Materials and Methods Sixty mice were randomly divided into six groups. The intervention groups received the A. italica extract at the doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, 30 minutes before the injection of PTZ, whereas the positive control group received phenobarbital. The seizure threshold was then recorded.

Results A. italica extract significantly increased the seizure threshold. The extract significantly increased serum and prefrontal cortex total antioxidant capacity compared with the control group. The A. italica extract significantly reduced serum and prefrontal cortex malondialdehyde and nitrite levels compared with the control group.

Conclusions The results showed the anticonvulsant effects of A. italica extracts on the PTZ-induced seizure in mice is partially due to the attenuation of oxidative stress.

Keywords

seizure - Anchusa italica Retz. extract - oxidative stress - mice

* These are the co-first authors.




Publication History

Article published online:
18 February 2022

© 2022. Indian Epilepsy Society. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India

 

  • References

  • 1 Gelfuso EA, Liberato JL, Cunha AO. et al. Parawixin2, a novel non-selective GABA uptake inhibitor from Parawixia bistriata spider venom, inhibits pentylenetetrazole-induced chemical kindling in rats. Neurosci Lett 2013; 543: 12-16
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 2 Ettore B. The epidemiology of epilepsy. Neuroepidemiology 2020; 54 (02) 185-191
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 3 Haj-Mirzaian A, Ramezanzadeh K, Tafazolimoghadam A. et al. Protective effect of minocycline on LPS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased seizure threshold through nitric oxide pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 858: 172446
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 4 Potruch A, Khoury ST, Ilan Y. The role of chronobiology in drug-resistance epilepsy: the potential use of a variability and chronotherapy-based individualized platform for improving the response to anti-seizure drugs. Seizure 2020; 80: 201-211
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 5 Patocka J, Wu Q, Nepovimova E, Kuca K. Phenytoin - an anti-seizure drug: overview of its chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 142: 111393
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 6 Hölscher C. Nitric oxide, the enigmatic neuronal messenger: its role in synaptic plasticity. Trends Neurosci 1997; 20 (07) 298-303
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 7 Hassanipour M, Amini-Khoei H, Shafaroodi H. et al. Atorvastatin attenuates the antinociceptive tolerance of morphine via nitric oxide dependent pathway in male mice. Brain Res Bull 2016; 125: 173-180
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 8 Kovács R, Rabanus A, Otáhal J. et al. Endogenous nitric oxide is a key promoting factor for initiation of seizure-like events in hippocampal and entorhinal cortex slices. J Neurosci 2009; 29 (26) 8565-8577
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 9 Watanabe M, Miyai A, Danjo S, Nakamura Y, Itoh K. The threshold of pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsive seizures, but not that of nonconvulsive seizures, is controlled by the nitric oxide levels in murine brains. Exp Neurol 2013; 247: 645-652
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 10 Liu A-H, Chu M, Wang Y-P. Up-regulation of Trem2 inhibits hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and alleviates oxidative stress in epilepsy via the PI3K/Akt pathway in mice. Neurosci Bull 2019; 35 (03) 471-485
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 11 Menon B, Ramalingam K, Kumar RV. Oxidative stress in patients with epilepsy is independent of antiepileptic drugs. Seizure 2012; 21 (10) 780-784
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 12 Asgharzade S, Rabiei Z, Rabiei S, Bijad E, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Therapeutic effects of oleuropein in improving seizure, oxidative stress and cognitive disorder in pentylenetetrazole kindling model of epilepsy in mice. Iran J Pharm Res 2020; 19 (01) 98-110
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 13 Abdel-Salam OM, Sleem AA, Sayed MAM, Youness ER, Shaffie N. Capsaicin exerts anti-convulsant and neuroprotective effects in pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. Neurochem Res 2020; 45: 1045-1061
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 14 Kiasalari Z, Khalili M, Heidari H, Azizi Y. Anti-convulsant effect of alcoholic Hyoscyamus niger L seed extract on PTZ model of kindling in male mice. Majallah-i Ulum-i Pizishki-i Razi 2011; 18 (85) 27-33
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 15 Kiasalari Z, Khalili M, Heidari H. Investigation of anti-convulsant effect of alcoholic Ferula Assa Foetida gum extract PTZ-induced kindling model in mice. Daneshvar 2011; 18 (90) 25-32
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 16 Alimohammadi B, Ajhdari H. Investigation of anti-convulsant effect of alcoholic Ferula Scrophularia striata extract PTZ-induced kindling model in mice. Edrak 2014; 34: 18-25
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 17 Al-Snafi A. The pharmacology of Anchusa italica and Anchusa strigosa–a review. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2014; 6 (04) 7-10
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 18 Wang S, Zhao Y, Song J. et al. Total flavonoids from Anchusa italica Retz. improve cardiac function and attenuate cardiac remodeling post myocardial infarction in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 257: 112887
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 19 Torki A. et al. Anchusa italica extract: phytochemical and neuroprotective evaluation on global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Braz J Pharm Sci 2018; 54 (01) e17251
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 20 Amini-Khoei H, Rahimi-Balaei M, Amiri S. et al. Morphine modulates the effects of histamine H1 and H3 receptors on seizure susceptibility in pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure model of mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 769: 43-47
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 21 Benzie IF, Strain JJ. Ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay: direct measure of total antioxidant activity of biological fluids and modified version for simultaneous measurement of total antioxidant power and ascorbic acid concentration. Methods Enzymol 1999; 299: 15-27
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 22 Kuloglu M, Atmaca M, Tezcan E, Ustundag B, Bulut S. Antioxidant enzyme and malondialdehyde levels in patients with panic disorder. Neuropsychobiology 2002; 46 (04) 186-189
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 23 Lorigooini Z, Salimi N, Soltani A, Amini-Khoei H. Implication of NMDA-NO pathway in the antidepressant-like effect of ellagic acid in male mice. Neuropeptides 2019; 76: 101928
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 24 Steinlein OK, Mulley JC, Propping P. et al. A missense mutation in the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α 4 subunit is associated with autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. Nat Genet 1995; 11 (02) 201-203
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 25 González-Trujano ME, Urbina-Trejo E, Santos-Valencia F, Villasana-Salazar B, Carmona-Aparicio L, Martínez-Vargas D. Pharmacological and toxicological effects of Ruta chalepensis L. on experimentally induced seizures and electroencephalographic spectral power in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 271: 113866
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 26 Mombeini T, Asadpour Behzadi B, Ejtemaei R, Tahmasbi F, Kamalinejad M, Dehpour AR. Anticonvulsant effect of Alcea aucheri on pentylenetetrazole and maximal electroshock seizures in mice. Basic Clin Neurosci 2020; 11 (03) 369-377
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 27 Baradaran Rahimi V, Askari VR, Hosseini M, Yousefsani BS, Sadeghnia HR. Anticonvulsant Activity of Viola tricolor against seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol and maximal electroshock in mice. Iran J Med Sci 2019; 44 (03) 220-226
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 28 Aghdash, Simin N. Herbal medicine in the treatment of epilepsy. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22 (03) 356-367
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 29 Liu Y. et al. Chemical constituents of Anchusa italica Retz. and their protective effects on cardiomyocytes injured by hypoxia/reoxygenation. Phytochem Lett 2020; 38: 155-160
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 30 Merlani M. et al. Antioxidant activity of caffeic acid derived polymer from Anchusa italica. Bull Georg Natl Acad Sci 2017; 11 (02) 123-127
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 31 Gupta YK, Veerendra Kumar MH, Srivastava AK. Effect of Centella asiatica on pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling, cognition and oxidative stress in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2003; 74 (03) 579-585
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 32 Sudha K, Rao AV, Rao A. Oxidative stress and antioxidants in epilepsy. Clin Chim Acta 2001; 303 (1-2): 19-24
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 33 Zhao RR, Xu XC, Xu F. et al. Metformin protects against seizures, learning and memory impairments and oxidative damage induced by pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 448 (04) 414-417
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 34 Bardakci H, Cevik D, Barak TH, Gozet T, Kan Y, Kirmizibekmez H. Secondary metabolites, phytochemical characterization and antioxidant activities of different extracts of Sideritis congesta PH Davis. Hub Mor Biochem Syst Ecol 2020; 92: 104120
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 35 Zubareva OE, Kovalenko AA, Kalemenev SV, Schwarz AP, Karyakin VB, Zaitsev AV. Alterations in mRNA expression of glutamate receptor subunits and excitatory amino acid transporters following pilocarpine-induced seizures in rats. Neurosci Lett 2018; 686: 94-100
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 36 Gooshe M, Tabaeizadeh M, Aleyasin AR. et al. Levosimendan exerts anticonvulsant properties against PTZ-induced seizures in mice through activation of nNOS/NO pathway: role for KATP channel. Life Sci 2017; 168: 38-46
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 37 Rehni AK, Singh TG, Kalra R, Singh N. Pharmacological inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase attenuates the development of seizures in mice. Nitric Oxide 2009; 21 (02) 120-125
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 38 Gupta RC, Dettbarn WD. Prevention of kainic acid seizures-induced changes in levels of nitric oxide and high-energy phosphates by 7-nitroindazole in rat brain regions. Brain Res 2003; 981 (1-2): 184-192
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar