Biomechanik der instabilen Schulter – therapeutische Relevanz

Das Schultergelenk erlaubt aufgrund seiner Anatomie große funktionelle Bewegungsamplituden. Dies wird ermöglicht durch eine geringe Kontaktfläche zwischen dem großen, kugelförmigen Humeruskopf und der in Relation dazu kleinen konkaven Glenoidfläche (Golfball-Tee-Prinzip). Für die Stabilisierung dieses offenen Kugelgelenks sind neben den statischen Stabilisatoren wie Glenoidfossa, korakoakromiale Überdachung und Kapsel-Labrum-Ligament-Komplex auch die Rotatorenmanschette und indirekt die skapulothorakale Muskelgruppe als dynamische Stabilisatoren mitverantwortlich. Entsteht ein Ungleichgewicht, kann es zur Instabilität des Gelenks kommen.

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