Kognitives Training bei Parkinson-Patienten – eine neue Therapieoption?

Zusammenfassung

Kognitive Störungen stellen ein häufiges und klinisch relevantes Symptom bei Parkinson-Patienten (Parkinson’s disease, PD) dar. Angesichts limitierter pharmakologischer Therapieoptionen ziehen nicht-pharmakologische Interventionen zur Behandlung kognitiver Defizite bei PD-Patienten zunehmendes Interesse auf sich. Diese Überblicksarbeit fasst den aktuellen Forschungsstand zu Effekten kognitionsbasierter Interventionen bei PD zusammen. Eine systematische Literatursuche ergab elf publizierte randomisierte kontrollierte Studien, die kognitives Training (KT) verwendeten. Diese Arbeiten und auch eine unlängst erschienene Metaanalyse zum Thema zeigen überzeugend, dass sich v. a. exekutive und Gedächtnisleistungen durch KT bei PD verbessern lassen. Um eindeutige Therapieempfehlungen formulieren zu können, sollten zukünftige Studien große Stichproben an PD-Patienten mit klaren kognitiven Einschlusskriterien (ohne bzw. mit leichten kognitiven Störungen oder mit Demenz) inkludieren.

Abstract

Cognitive impairment is a frequent and clinically relevant symptom in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Given that pharmacological therapy options are limited, non-pharmacological interventions for the prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment in PD patients are attracting increasing interest. This review summarizes the current state of research regarding cognition-based interventions in PD patients. Eleven randomized controlled studies (RCT) were found in a systematic literature search, all of which used cognitive training (CT). These studies and a recently published meta-analysis demonstrate that especially executive and memory functions can be enhanced by CT in PD patients. Future studies examining CT or cognitive stimulation should include large PD samples with well-defined cognitive inclusion criteria so that clear therapy recommendations can be defined for PD patients without cognitive dysfunctions, those with mild cognitive impairment, and those with dementia.

Schlüsselwörter

kognitives Training - neuropsychologische Therapie - Parkinson - leichte kognitive Störung - Demenz - Kognition

Key words

cognitive training - neuropsychological therapy - Parkinson’s disease - mild cognitive impairment - dementia - cognition

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