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Urologie Scan 2016; 03(01): 57-70
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-100944
Fortbildung
Uroonkologie
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Immunonkologie bei urologischen Tumoren

Axel S. Merseburger
,
Marie C. Hupe
,
Mario W. Kramer
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Publikationsverlauf

Publikationsdatum:
17. März 2016 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Die Erforschung der Interaktion zwischen Tumor und Immunsystem hat in der letzten Zeit zu Zulassungen neuer Substanzen geführt, die durch Blockade von Immunantwort-Checkpoints ein Entweichen der Tumorzelle vor dem Immunsystem verhindern. Zu diesen sogenannten Checkpoint-Inhibitoren gehören CTLA-4- (Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-associated Antigen 4), PD-1 (Programmed Cell Death 1) und PD-L1-Inhibitoren (PD-L1: Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1). Die Substanzen sind gegenwärtig Gegenstand einer Vielzahl klinischer Studien. Im Bereich der Urologie sind die Studien beim Nierenzellkarzinom und Urothelkarzinom am weitesten fortgeschritten. In den aktuellen EAU-Empfehlungen ist der Checkpoint-Inhibitor Nivolumab sogar bereits eine mögliche Zweitlinienoption beim metastasierten Nierenzellkarzinom. Aufgrund des neuen immunmodulierenden Therapieansatzes sind Besonderheiten beim Therapiemonitoring hinsichtlich Nebenwirkungen und Ansprechkriterien zu beachten.

 

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