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Planta Med 2016; 82(09/10): 790-799
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-103934
Reviews
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

An Ocean of Discovery: Biodiversity Beyond the Census of Marine Life

Paul V. R. Snelgrove
Department of Ocean Sciences and Biology Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. Johnʼs NL, Canada
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Further Information

Publication History

received 30 September 2015
revised 12 February 2016

accepted 15 February 2016

Publication Date:
19 April 2016 (online)

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Abstract

The 70 % of Earthʼs surface covered by oceans supports significant biological diversity and immense untapped potential for marine bioproducts. The recently completed international Census of Marine Life (2000–2010) invested heavily in evaluating the diversity, abundance, and distribution of life in the ocean but concluded that at least 50 % and potentially > 90 % of marine species remain undescribed by science. Despite this potential, and numerous successes spanning pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, anti-foulants and adhesives, biofuels, biocatalysts (enzymes), and cosmetics, several impediments have slowed marine bioproduct development. First, the sheer size of the ocean constrains comprehensive exploration. Second, marine taxonomists and ecologists generally do not focus on the most promising groups for bioproduct development. Third, the geographic mismatch between (often remote) biodiversity hotspots and science capacity limit discovery. Despite these challenges, new ocean sampling tools (digital imaging, remote vehicles, genetic approaches, in situ samplers), many developed or improved during the Census of Marine Life, should enhance future marine biodiversity and thus marine bioproduct discovery.

Key words

biodiversity - taxonomy - invertebrates - Census of Marine Life - marine bioprospecting - biogeography
 

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