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DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-108591
Patientenversorgung im psychoonkologischen Konsiliar- und Liaisondienst – Unterschiede zwischen Patienten mit und ohne psychiatrische Komorbidität
Psycho-Oncologic Care by a Consultation-Liaison Service – Differences between Oncologic Patients with and without Psychiatric ComorbidityPublication History
eingereicht15 November 2015
akzeptiert 01 May 2016
Publication Date:
06 October 2016 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Psychoonkologische Konsiliar- und Liaisondienste (KLD) sind vorwiegend psychosomatisch ausgerichtete Teams in Akutkrankenhäusern. Sie arbeiten meistens elektiv auf Überweisung, aber auch in speziellen interdisziplinären Versorgungssettings oder als Vollversorgung bestimmter Patientengruppen wie in onkologischen Zentren.
Fragestellung: Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob bei den vom KLD versorgten Patienten klinische und versorgungsbezogene Unterschiede bestehen zwischen onkologischen Patienten mit und ohne psychiatrische Komorbidität. Zentren- wie auch diagnosebezogene Unterschiede werden ebenfalls untersucht.
Methode: Es handelt sich um eine 4-jahresuntersuchung (2012–15, für die Zentrenvergleiche 2013–15) in einem 520 Betten, 18 Kliniken und 6 onkologischen Zentren umfassendes süddeutsches Krankenhaus. Die Daten wurden anhand einer Basisdokumentation erhoben, die bei jedem Konsil (N=3 441 entsprechend 2 257 Patienten) zum Einsatz kam. Assoziationen wurden anhand von Chi-Quadrat-Tests, Varianzanalysen, Scheffé-Tests sowie multivariaten linearen und logistischen Regressionsmodellen ermittelt.
Ergebnisse: Die Patienten der Stichprobe sind im Durchschnitt 64 Jahre alt, zu 68% Frauen und weisen einen Distress von 4,63 auf. 4,4% litten an affektiven und 7,8% an Anpassungsstörungen. Bivariate Tests zeigen, dass Patienten mit psychiatrischer Komorbidität (19%) und Patienten außerhalb der Zentren (24%) hochsignifikant (p<0,001) klinisch beeinträchtigter sind und eine intensivere Versorgung durch den KLD erhalten. Innerhalb der Zentren liegt die psychiatrische Komorbidität im Durchschnitt bei 9% (4–16%), außerhalb der Zentren 33,5%. Multivariate Regressionsmodelle bestätigen die Unterschiede der bivariaten Tests. Eine negative Assoziation zwischen Alter und Versorgungsdichte wurde festgestellt.
Diskussion: Hinweise für eine gute Praxis durch psychoonkologische KLDs wurden gefunden, da durch psychiatrische Komorbidität klinisch belasteter Patienten tatsächlich intensiver versorgt werden. Komorbiditätsquoten sind niedriger als in anderen deutschsprachigen Studien.
Schlussfolgerung: Onkologische Patienten mit psychiatrischer Komorbidität sollten im KLD wegen des höheren Distress identifiziert werden. Die Tatsache, dass ältere Patienten weniger direkte Versorgung erhalten, müsste mit systemischen Interventionen kompensiert werden. Versorgungsbedürfnisse – und nicht lediglich reale Versorgung – sollten durch spezielle Designs ermittelt werden.
Abstract
Background: Psycho-oncologic consultation and liaison services (CLS) are mainly psychosomatic oriented teams in acute care hospitals. Their interventions are electively, setting-related or universal like in accredited centers.
Objectives: We investigated whether clinical and care-related differences between cancer patients with and without psychiatric comorbidity exist as well as between patients treated in oncologic centers and aside thereof. We also investigated possible differences according to psychiatric as well as to oncologic diagnoses.
Method: A 4-year study (2012–15, for center-related comparisons: 2013–15) in a regional hospital (520 beds, 18 wards, 6 oncologic centers) based on data from a basic documentation covering selected clinical as well as care variables. Data was been collected on occasion of each consultation (N=3441 corresponding to 2257 patients). Associations between clinical and care-related variables were identified by means of chi-square, ANOVA, Scheffé post hoc tests as well as by means of multivariate linear and logistic regression models.
Results: The sample was on average 64 years old, about 68% women, and they showed a distress about 4.63. Affective disorders were found for 4.4% and adjustment disorders for 7.8% of the sample. Bivariate tests show that patients with psychiatric comorbidity (19%) and patients aside the centers (24%) were highly significant (p<0.001) clinically more impaired and received more intensive care by CLS. Within the centers the psychiatric comorbidity amounted on average 9% (range:4–16%), that was lower than aside the centers (33,5%). Multivariate regression models largely confirm the differences found in bivariate tests; no gender differences were found, but a negative association between age and care density.
Discussion: This study supports that psychooncologic CLS follow a good practice, because patients with a higher clinical burden related to psychiatric comorbidity receive more intensive care. Comorbidity quotas found were lower than in other similar German investigations.
Conclusions: Oncologic patients with psychiatric comorbidity should be identified by CLS because they have a larger clinical burden and more distress. The fact that older patients receive less face to face interventions may have to be balanced with systemic interventions. Care needs – and not only received care – have to be assessed in further research.
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