Download PDF
Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2017; 67(01): 38-46
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-110851
Diagnostische Verfahren
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Validierung einer deutschsprachigen Fassung des Body Checking Questionnaire (BCQ) an Jugendlichen mit Anorexia und Bulimia Nervosa

Validation of a German-language Version of the Body Checking Questionnaire (BCQ) in Adolescents with Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa
Beate Steinfeld
1   Institut für Psychologie, Fachgebiet Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Universität Osnabrück
,
Anika Bauer
1   Institut für Psychologie, Fachgebiet Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Universität Osnabrück
,
Manuel Waldorf
1   Institut für Psychologie, Fachgebiet Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Universität Osnabrück
,
Nicole Engel
1   Institut für Psychologie, Fachgebiet Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Universität Osnabrück
,
Karsten Braks
2   Klinik am Korso, Fachklinik für gestörtes Essverhalten, Bad Oeynhausen
,
Thomas J. Huber
2   Klinik am Korso, Fachklinik für gestörtes Essverhalten, Bad Oeynhausen
,
Silja Vocks
1   Institut für Psychologie, Fachgebiet Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Universität Osnabrück
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

eingereicht 18 February 2016

akzeptiert 13 June 2016

Publication Date:
06 October 2016 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Zusammenfassung

Körperbezogenes Kontrollverhalten als behaviorale Manifestation eines gestörten Körperbildes begünstigt die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung von Essstörungen. Der Body Checking Questionnaire (BCQ) ist der Fragebogen zur Erfassung von körperbezogenem Kontrollverhalten, der international am meisten Beachtung findet. Da bisher ausschließlich Validierungsstudien an erwachsenen Populationen vorliegen, ist das Ziel dieser Studie, die teststatistische Überprüfung der deutschsprachigen Version des BCQ an Jugendlichen. Untersucht wurden insgesamt N=129 weibliche Jugendliche, davon n=57 mit einer Anorexia Nervosa und n=24 mit einer Bulimia Nervosa sowie n=48 gesunde weibliche Jugendliche. Eine konfirmatorische Faktorenanalyse stützt die auch in der Originalfassung gefundene Untergliederung des BCQ in einen Generalfaktor und die 3 Subfaktoren „Gesamterscheinung“, „Spezifische Körperteile“ und „Idiosynkratisches Kontrollieren“. Die internen Konsistenzen sind gut (α≥0,81), ebenso wie die Differenzierungsfähigkeit des BCQ zwischen Jugendlichen mit und Jugendlichen ohne Essstörungen. Signifikante Korrelationen zwischen dem BCQ und anderen Body-Image-Fragebögen weisen auf eine gute konvergente Validität hin. Der deutschsprachige BCQ stellt somit ein valides und reliables Instrument zur Erhebung von körperbezogenem Kontrollverhalten bei Jugendlichen in klinischer Forschung und Praxis dar.

Abstract

Body-related checking behavior, as a behavioral manifestation of a disturbed body image, fosters the development and maintenance of eating disorders. The Body Checking Questionnaire (BCQ) is the most commonly used questionnaire for measuring body-related checking behavior internationally. To date, validation studies are only available for adult populations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to statistically test the German-language version of the BCQ in adolescents. A total of N=129 female adolescents were examined, comprising n=57 with Anorexia Nervosa, n=24 with Bulimia Nervosa, and n=48 healthy female adolescents. A confirmatory factor analysis supports the subdivision of the BCQ into a general factor and the subfactors “overall appearance”, “specific body parts” and “idiosyncratic checking”, which was also found in the original version. The internal consistencies are good (α≥0.81), and the BCQ is able to differentiate well between adolescents with and without eating disorders. Significant correlations between the BCQ and other body image questionnaires point to a good convergent validity. The German-language BCQ thus constitutes a valid and reliable instrument for measuring body-related checking behavior among adolescents in clinical research and practice.

Schlüsselwörter

Body Checking Questionnaire - Essstörungen - Körperbild - Körperbildstörung - Jugendliche

Keywords

Body Checking Questionnaire - eating disorders - body image - body image disturbances - adolescents
 

  • Literatur

  • 1 Cash TF. Body image: past, present, and future. Body Image 2004; 1: 1-5
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Thompson JK, Heinberg LJ, Altabe M et al. Exacting beauty. Theory, assessment and treatment of body image disturbance. Washington DC: American Psychological Association; 1999
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Salkovskis PM, Clark DM, Hackmann A et al. An experimental investigation of the role of safety-seeking behaviours in the maintenance of panic disorder with agoraphobia. Behav Res Ther 1999; 37: 559-574
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Levitt JT, Brown TA, Orsillo SM et al. The effects of acceptance versus suppression of emotion on subjective and psychophysiological response to carbon dioxide challenge in patients with panic disorder. Behav Ther 2005; 35: 747-766
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 McManus F, Clark DM, Grey N et al. A demonstration of the efficacy of two of the components of cognitive therapy for social phobia. J Anxiety Disord 2009; 23: 496-503
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Salkovskis PM, Thorpe SJ, Wahl K et al. Neutralizing increases discomfort associated with obsessional thoughts: An experimental study with obsessional patients. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2003; 112: 709-715
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Abramowitz JS, Moore EL. An experimental analysis of hypochondriasis. Behav Res Ther 2007; 45: 413-424
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Grilo CM, Reas DL, Brody ML et al. Body checking and avoidance and the core features of eating disorders among obese men and women seeking bariatric surgery. Behav Res Ther 2005; 43: 629-637
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Shafran R, Fairburn CG, Robinson P et al. Body Checking and its avoidance in eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 2004; 35: 93-101
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Vocks S, Legenbauer T, Troje N et al. Körperbildtherapie bei Essstörungen: Beeinflussung der perzeptiven, kognitiv-affektiven und behavioralen Körperbildkomponente. Z Klin Psychol Psychother 2006; 35: 286-295
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Vocks S, Kosfelder J, Wucherer M et al. Does habitual body avoidance and checking behaviour influence the decrease of negative emotions during body exposure in eating disorders?. Psychother Res 2008; 18: 412-419
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual-text revision: DSM-IV-TR. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000
    Google Scholar
  • 13 American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013
    Google Scholar
  • 14 Fairburn CG, Shafran R, Cooper Z. A cognitive behavioural theory of anorexia nervosa. Behav Res Ther 1999; 37: 1-13
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Farrell C, Shafran R, Fairburn CG. Mirror cognitions and behaviours in people concerned about their body shape. Behav Cogn Psychother 2004; 32: 225-229
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Haase AM, Mountford V, Waller G. Associations between body checking and disordered eating behaviors in nonclinical women. Int J Eat Disord 2011; 44: 465-468
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Kachani AT, Brasiliano S, Cordas TA et al. Body checking and associated cognitions among Brazilian outpatients with eating disorders and nonpsychiatric controls. Body Image 2013; 10: 127-130
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Reas DL, Whisenhunt BL, Netemeyer R et al. Development of the body checking questionnaire: A self-report measure of body checking behaviours. Int J Eat Disord 2002; 31: 324-333
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Lavender JM, Wonderlich SA, Crosby RD et al. A naturalistic examination of body checking and dietary restriction in women with anorexia nervosa. Behav Res Ther 2013; 51: 507-511
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Reas DL, Grilo CM, Masheb RM et al. Body checking and avoidance in overweight patients with binge eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord 2005; 37: 342-346
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Shafran R, Lee M, Payne E et al. An experimental analysis of body checking. Behav Res Ther 2007; 45: 113-121
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Walker DC, Murray AD, Lavender JM et al. The direct effects of manipulating body checking in men. Body Image 2012; 9: 462-468
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Trottier K, MacDonale DE, McFarlane T et al. Body checking, body avoidance, and the core cognitive psychopathology of eating disorders: is there a unique relationship? Adv Eat Disord 2015; 3: 288-299
    PubMed
  • 24 Williamson DA, White MA, York-Crowe E et al. Cognitive-behavioural theories of eating disorders. Behaviour Modification 2004; 28: 711-738
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Kraus N, Lindenberg J, Zeeck A et al. Immediate effects of body checking on negative and positive emotions in women with eating disorders: An ecological momentary assessment approach. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2015; 23: 399-407
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Vocks S, Moswald C, Legenbauer T. Psychometrische Überprüfung einer deutschsprachigen Fassung des Body Checking Questionnaire (BCQ). Z Klin Psychol Psychother 2008; 37: 131-140
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Campana ANNB. Tradução, adaptação transcultural e validação do” Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire (BIAQ)” e do” Body Checking Questionnaire (BCQ)” para lingua portuguesa no Brasil. 2007
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Campana AB, Swami V, Onodera CK et al. An initial psychometric evaluation and exploratory cross-sectional study of the Body Checking Questionnaire among Brazilian women. Plos ONE. 2013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074649
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Reas DL, von Soest T, Lask B. Reliability and validity of the Norwegian version of the Body Checking Questionnaire. Tidsskrift For Norsk Psykologforening 2009; 46: 260-262
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Grave RD, Ghisi M, Calugi S. ‘Check del corpo’ nei disturbi dell’alimentazione: Validazione italiana del Body Checking Questionnaire (BCQ).=Body checking in eating disorders: Italian validation of the Body Checking Questionnaire (BCQ). Psicoterapia Cognitiva E Comportamentale 2006; 12: 27-39
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Smink FR, Van Hoeken D, Hoek HW. Epidemiology of eating disorders: incidence, prevalence and mortality rates. 2012; 14: 406-414
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Unnewehr S, Schneider S, Margraf J. Kinder-DIPS: diagnostisches Interview bei psychischen Störungen im Kindes-und Jugendalter. Berlin: Springer; 2013
    Google Scholar
  • 33 Garner DM. Eating Disorder Inventory-2. Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Ressources; 1991
    Google Scholar
  • 34 Paul T, Thiel A.. EDI-2 Eating Disorder Inventory-2, Deutsche Version, Manual. Göttingen: Hogrefe 2005
    PubMed
  • 35 Salbach-Andrae H, Schneider N, Bürger A et al. Psychometrische Gütekriterien des Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-2) bei Jugendlichen. Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother 2010; 38: 219-228
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Fairburn CG, Beglin SJ. The assessment of eating disorders: Interview or self-report questionnaire?. Int J Eat Disord 1994; 16: 363-370
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Hilbert A, Tuschen-Caffier B. Eating Disorder Examination, deutsche Übersetzung, Aufl 1. Münster: Verlag für Psychotherapie, PAG Institut für Psychologie AG; 2006
    Google Scholar
  • 38 Hilbert A, Tuschen-Caffier B, Karwautz A et al. Eating disorder examination-questionnaire. Diagnostica 2007; 53: 144-154
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Fairburn CG, Cooper MJ. The Eating Disorder Examination. 12th edition In: Fairburn CG, Wilson GT. (eds.). Binge Eating: Nature, assessment and treatment. New York: Guilford Press; 1993: 317-360
    Google Scholar
  • 40 Hilbert A, Tuschen-Caffier B, Ohms M. Eating disorders examination: a German version of the structured eating disorder interviews. Diagnostica 2004; 50: 98-106
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK. Beck depression inventory-Second Edition manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation; 1996
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Hautzinger M, Keller F, Kühner C. Beck depressions-inventar (BDI-II). Frankfurt: Harcourt Test Services; 2006
    Google Scholar
  • 43 Kühner PDC, Bürger C, Keller F et al. Reliabilität und Validität des revidierten Beck-Depressionsinventars (BDI-II). Nervenarzt 2007; 78: 651-656
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 44 Rosenberg M. Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 1965
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 45 Ferring D, Filipp SH. Messung des Selbstwertgefühls: Befunde zu Reliabilität, Validität und Stabilität der Rosenberg-Skala. Diagnostica-Göttingen 1996; 42: 284-292
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 46 Byrne BM. Multivariate applications book series. Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 2001
    Google Scholar
  • 47 Hu L, Bentler M. Evaluating model fit. In: Hoyle RH, (Hrsg.). Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1995: 76-99
    Google Scholar
  • 48 Schermelleh-Engel K, Moosbrugger H, Müller H. Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of psychological research online 2003; 8: 23-74
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 49 Weise G. Psychologische Leistungstests. Göttingen: Hogrefe; 1975
    Google Scholar
  • 50 Alfano L, Hildebrandt T, Bannon K et al. The impact of gender on the assessment of body checking behavior. Body Image 2011; 8: 20–25
    PubMed
  • 51 Tiggemann M, Slater A. NetGirls: The Internet, Facebook, and body image concern in adolescent girls. Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46: 630-633
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 52 McLean SA, Paxton SJ, Wertheim EH et al. Selfies and social media: relationships between self-image editing and photo-investment and body dissatisfaction and dietary restraint. J Eat Disord 2015; 3 (Suppl. 01) O21
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 53 Alfano L, Hildebrandt T, Bannon K et al. The impact of gender on the assessment of body checking behavior. Body Image 2011; 8: 20-25
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar