Phänomenologie und klinische Bedeutung des Flammer-Syndroms

Zusammenfassung

Das Flammer-Syndrom (FS) beschreibt den Phänotyp von Menschen mit einer Prädisposition für eine veränderte Reaktion der Blutgefäße auf Stimuli wie Kälte, emotionellen Stress oder große Höhe. Häufige Symptome sind: kalte Hände und/oder Füße, tiefer Blutdruck, verlängerte Einschlafzeit, reduziertes Durstgefühl, gesteigerte Empfindlichkeit für Gerüche, Schmerzen, Vibrationen und gewisse Medikamente. Menschen mit FS sind im Allgemeinen strebsam und erfolgreich, aber auch perfektionistisch und teils grüblerisch. Häufige Zeichen sind: veränderte Genexpression, verlängerter Flussstillstand in den Nagelfalzkapillaren nach Kälteprovokation, verminderte Autoregulation der okularen Durchblutung, reduzierte Gefäßerweiterung auf Flickerlichtstimulation. Der retinale Venendruck ist im Mittel höher und die Astrozyten sind häufiger aktiviert. FS ist häufiger bei Frauen als bei Männern, häufiger bei dünnen als bei dicken und bei jungen als bei alten Menschen, häufiger bei Akademikern als bei Nichtakademikern. Es ist sehr selten bei Menschen mit Berufen im Freien. Es ist assoziiert mit Normaldruckglaukom, okularen Gefäßverschlüssen, Retinitis pigmentosa, multipler Sklerose, Tinnitus und seltener sogar mit Hörstürzen.

Abstract

The Flammer syndrome (FS) describes the phenotype of people with a predisposition for an altered reaction of the blood vessels to stimuli like coldness, emotional stress or high altitude. Frequent symptoms are: cold hands and/or feet, low blood pressure, prolonged sleep onset time, reduced feeling of thirst, increased sensitivity to odour, pain, vibration and certain drugs. SF subjects are often ambitious and successful but also perfectionistic and sometimes brooding. Frequent signs are: altered gene expression, prolonged blood flow cessation in nailfold capillaroscopy after cold provocation, reduced autoregulation of ocular blood flow, and reduced vasodilation after stimulation with flickering light. Retinal venous pressure is on the average higher and retinal astrocytes are more often activated. FS occurs more often in females than in males, in thin than in obese subjects, in young than in old people, in graduates than in blue collar workers, in subjects with indoor than outdoor jobs. Associated diseases are: normal tension glaucoma, occlusion of ocular vessels, retinitis pigmentosa, multiple sclerosis, tinnitus or even sudden hearing loss.

Schlüsselwörter

primäre vaskuläre Dysregulation - Glaukom - Retinitis pigmentosa - multiple Sklerose - kalte Hände

Key words

primary vascular dysregulation - glaucoma - retinitis pigmentosa - multiple sclerosis - cold hands

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