Derzeitiger Stand der elektronischen „kontinuierlichen“ Augendruckmessung

Zusammenfassung

Der intraokulare Druck (IOD) wird üblicherweise punktuell und meist 1-mal, selten mehrmals, während der Ordinationszeiten im Sitzen mit unterschiedlichen Geräten gemessen. Für Diagnostik, Progressionsbeurteilung und Therapieentscheidung bei Glaukomen kann dies zu wenig sein, da der IOD kein statischer Messwert ist, sondern über kurze und lange Zeitabschnitte unterschiedlich hohen Schwankungen (Fluktuationen) unterliegt. Deshalb ist der Wunsch nach häufigerer oder sogar kontinuierlicher Messung gerechtfertigt. Dies kann mit Selbsttonometern erfolgen (wird in dieser Übersicht nicht diskutiert) oder mittels elektronischer Hilfsmittel wie Sensoren im Auge (invasiv; in Intraokularlinse, im Sulcus ciliaris, auf der Iris, in der Hinter- oder Vorderkammer, suprachorioidal oder subkonjuktival) bzw. auf dem Auge (nicht invasiv; Sensorkontaktlinse) verwirklicht werden. Trotz zahlreicher technischer Errungenschaften und Miniaturisierungen gibt es noch keine routinemäßig anwendbare kontinuierliche Messtechnik (weder invasiv noch nicht invasiv), die Entwicklung dahin ist jedoch bereits weit fortgeschritten.

Abstract

Intraocular pressure (IOP) is generally measured at individual points and usually only once, but rarely more often, during office hours and with various different instruments. This is probably inadequate for diagnosis, assessment of progression, and therapeutic decision making, since the IOP is not a static measurement, but rather one that is subject to greater or lesser fluctuations over shorter or longer periods. This has prompted the desire for more regular or even continuous measurements. This can be achieved with self-tonometers (not discussed in this article) or by using electronic aids with sensors in the eye (invasive; in the intraocular lens, in the ciliary sulcus, on the iris, in the posterior or anterior chamber, suprachoroidal or subconjunctival) or on the eye (non-invasive; sensor contact lens). Despite numerous advances and miniaturisations, there is as yet still no continuous measurement technique (either invasive or non-invasive) that can be used routinely, but development of such a device is at an advanced stage.

Schlüsselwörter

Sensoren - elektronische Augendruckmessung - Augeninnendruck

Key words

intraocular pressure - sensors - electronic intraocular pressure measurement

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