Traumatisierung und Depression

Traumatisierung oder eine Vorgeschichte von belastenden Erfahrungen in der Kindheit finden sich bei bis zu 60% der Patienten mit einer depressiven Störung. Vermeidungsverhalten und fehlende Emotionsregulation beeinflussen dabei die interpersonellen Beziehungen der Patienten. Eine (traumabezogene) Verhaltenstherapie kann hier mit spezifischen Interventionen helfen.

Kernaussagen

• Bei mehr als der Hälfte der Patienten mit einer depressiven Störung finden sich belastende Ereignisse in der Kindheit oder eine Traumatisierung.

• Der Effekt von Traumatisierung und belastenden Kindheitsereignissen auf depressive Störungen wird vermutlich durch psychologische und psychobiologische Mechanismen vermittelt.

• Krisengenerierendes Verhalten führt zu weiteren belastenden Lebensereignissen.

• Traumabezogenes oder generalisiertes Vermeidungsverhalten führt zu Verstärkerdefiziten.

• Defizite in der Emotionsregulation führen zu mangelnder Bewältigung der Gegenwart.

• Defizite in der sozialen Kognition führen zur Aufrechterhaltung interpersoneller Konflikte.

• Grübel- und Sorgenprozesse interferieren mit einer angemessenen Handlungsplanung.

• Moderne verhaltenstherapeutische Methoden setzen entweder direkt an den traumatischen Erinnerungen und den daraus entstehenden Prozessen an oder adressieren die oben genannten vermittelnden Mechanismen.

Schlüsselwörter

Trauma - Depression - Kindheitsereignisse - PTSD - Interventionen - Fertigkeitentraining

• Literatur

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