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Semin intervent Radiol 2022; 39(01): 090-102
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1742346
Review Article

Hemodialysis Catheters: Update on Types, Outcomes, Designs and Complications

Husameddin El Khudari
1   Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
,
Merve Ozen
2   Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
,
Bridget Kowalczyk
3   Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
,
Juri Bassuner
4   Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, Section of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
,
Ammar Almehmi
5   Department of Radiology and Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Abstract

Hemodialysis catheters (HDCs) are an essential part of kidney replacement therapy. While these catheters are considered only the bridge to long-term vascular access such as arteriovenous fistulas and grafts, they are associated with significant morbidity and mortality and subsequent increased health care expenditures. However, despite these risks, a large proportion of end stage kidney disease population initiates dialysis using these catheters. The pathogenicity of HDCs stems from its invasive nature to the venous vasculature tree resulting in both mechanical and infectious complications. Therefore, the wide use these catheters in dialysis population and the associated complications necessitated continuous innovations in the catheter material, design, and placement techniques. This review provides an update on the catheter types, catheter tip designs, and the new technologies and innovations aimed to improve the catheter functionality and mitigate its related complications.

Keywords

hemodialysis - dialysis catheter - end-stage renal disease - catheter-related bloodstream infection - fibrin sheath


Publication History

Article published online:
18 February 2022

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