Friction Syndromes of the Knee

Abstract

The knee is a complex joint with many fascial and ligamentous interactions. The movement in multiple planes makes the knee a prime site for friction syndromes, especially in active individuals. The most common friction syndrome is the iliotibial band friction syndrome. This occurs commonly in runners and cyclists and can be diagnosed clinically in a patient with lateral knee pain during activity. The anterior fat pads of the knee can also be the site of friction syndromes, most often in the Hoffa fat pad. Edema here can be located in the superolateral aspect of the fat pad when associated with patellar abnormalities, or diffusely when impingement is due to other causes. Edema of the quadriceps or prefemoral fat pad may also cause anterior knee pain and may be diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging. The posteromedial friction syndrome and medial tibial crest syndrome are rare causes of medial knee pain highly active individuals.

Keywords

knee - friction syndrome - Hoffa

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 27. August 2021

Angenommen: 09. Dezember 2021

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
21. Februar 2022

• References

• 1 Buist I, Bredeweg SW, Lemmink KAPM, van Mechelen W, Diercks RL. Predictors of running-related injuries in novice runners enrolled in a systematic training program: a prospective cohort study. Am J Sports Med 2010; 38 (02) 273-280
• 2 Hadeed A, Tapscott DC. Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome. 2021. Dec 11. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022. PMID: 31194342
• 3 Renne JW. The iliotibial band friction syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1975; 57 (08) 1110-1111
• 4 Roemer FW, Jarraya M, Felson DT. et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of Hoffa's fat pad and relevance for osteoarthritis research: a narrative review. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24 (03) 383-397
• 5 Bouché RT, Johnson CH. Medial tibial stress syndrome (tibial fasciitis): a proposed pathomechanical model involving fascial traction. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2007; 97 (01) 31-36
• 6 Simeone FJ, Huang AJ, Chang CY. et al. Posteromedial knee friction syndrome: an entity with medial knee pain and edema between the femoral condyle, sartorius and gracilis. Skeletal Radiol 2015; 44 (04) 557-563
• 7 Strauss EJ, Kim S, Calcei JG, Park D. Iliotibial band syndrome: evaluation and management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2011; 19 (12) 728-736
• 8 Farrell KC, Reisinger KD, Tillman MD. Force and repetition in cycling: possible implications for iliotibial band friction syndrome. Knee 2003; 10 (01) 103-109
• 9 Holmes JC, Pruitt AL, Whalen NJ. Iliotibial band syndrome in cyclists. Am J Sports Med 1993; 21 (03) 419-424
• 10 Dragoo JL, Johnson C, McConnell J. Evaluation and treatment of disorders of the infrapatellar fat pad. Sports Med 2012; 42 (01) 51-67
• 11 Fredericson M, Wolf C. Iliotibial band syndrome in runners: innovations in treatment. Sports Med 2005; 35 (05) 451-459
• 12 Orchard JW, Fricker PA, Abud AT, Mason BR. Biomechanics of iliotibial band friction syndrome in runners. Am J Sports Med 1996; 24 (03) 375-379
• 13 Wissman RD, Pomeranz SJ. Friction syndromes of the knee: the iliotibial band and anterior fat pads. J Surg Orthop Adv 2018; 27 (01) 77-80
• 14 Fredericson M, Cookingham CL, Chaudhari AM, Dowdell BC, Oestreicher N, Sahrmann SA. Hip abductor weakness in distance runners with iliotibial band syndrome. Clin J Sport Med 2000; 10 (03) 169-175
• 15 Napier C, MacLean CL, Maurer J, Taunton JE, Hunt MA. Kinetic risk factors of running-related injuries in female recreational runners. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28 (10) 2164-2172
• 16 Agridag Ucpinar B, Bankaoglu M, Eren OT, Erturk SM. Measurement of iliotibial band diameter in iliotibial band friction syndrome and comparison with an asymptomatic population. Acta Radiol 2020; 1987: 284185120958407
• 17 Ding G-Y, Shi S-Y, Ling X-Y. et al. [Clinical diagnosis and treatment for iliotibial band syndrome]. Zhongguo Gu Shang 2018; 31 (10) 965-970
• 18 Fredericson M, White JJ, Macmahon JM, Andriacchi TP. Quantitative analysis of the relative effectiveness of 3 iliotibial band stretches. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002; 83 (05) 589-592
• 19 Fredericson M, Guillet M, Debenedictis L. Innovative solutions for iliotibial band syndrome. Phys Sportsmed 2000; 28 (02) 53-68
• 20 Nemeth WC, Sanders BL. The lateral synovial recess of the knee: anatomy and role in chronic Iliotibial band friction syndrome. Arthroscopy 1996; 12 (05) 574-580
• 21 Martens M, Libbrecht P, Burssens A. Surgical treatment of the iliotibial band friction syndrome. Am J Sports Med 1989; 17 (05) 651-654
• 22 Richards DP, Alan Barber F, Troop RL. Iliotibial band Z-lengthening. Arthroscopy 2003; 19 (03) 326-329
• 23 Grando H, Chang EY, Chen KC, Chung CB. MR imaging of extrasynovial inflammation and impingement about the knee. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2014; 22 (04) 725-741
• 24 Chung CB, Skaf A, Roger B, Campos J, Stump X, Resnick D. Patellar tendon-lateral femoral condyle friction syndrome: MR imaging in 42 patients. Skeletal Radiol 2001; 30 (12) 694-697
• 25 Matcuk Jr GR, Cen SY, Keyfes V, Patel DB, Gottsegen CJ, White EA. Superolateral Hoffa fat-pad edema and patellofemoral maltracking: predictive modeling. Am J Roentgenol 2014; 203 (02) W207-12
• 26 Touraine S, Lagadec M, Petrover D. et al. A ganglion of the patellar tendon in patellar tendon-lateral femoral condyle friction syndrome. Skeletal Radiol 2013; 42 (09) 1323-1327
• 27 Li J, Sheng B, Liu X. et al. Sharp margin of antero-inferior lateral femoral condyle as a risk factor for patellar tendon-lateral femoral condyle friction syndrome. Eur Radiol 2020; 30 (04) 2261-2269
• 28 Li J, Sheng B, Yu F. et al. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in patellar tendon-lateral femoral condyle friction syndrome: relationship with subtle patellofemoral instability. Skeletal Radiol 2019; 48 (08) 1251-1259
• 29 Larbi A, Cyteval C, Hamoui M. et al. Hoffa's disease: a report on 5 cases. Diagn Interv Imaging 2014; 95 (11) 1079-1084
• 30 Gallagher J, Tierney P, Murray P, O'Brien M. The infrapatellar fat pad: anatomy and clinical correlations. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2005; 13 (04) 268-272
• 31 Mechchat A, Abid H, Nassreddine H. et al. Hoffa's fat pad tumours like: results of the arthroscopic resection. Pan Afr Med J 2015; 20: 187
• 32 Bisicchia S, Savarese E. Infra-patellar fat pad cysts: a case report and review of the literature. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2013; 2 (04) 305-308
• 33 Turhan E, Doral MN, Atay AO, Demirel M. A giant extrasynovial osteochondroma in the infrapatellar fat pad: end stage Hoffa's disease. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2008; 128 (05) 515-519
• 34 Jacobson JA, Lenchik L, Ruhoy MK, Schweitzer ME, Resnick D. MR imaging of the infrapatellar fat pad of Hoffa. Radiographics 1997; 17 (03) 675-691
• 35 Magi M, Branca A, Bucca C, Langerame V. Hoffa disease. Ital J Orthop Traumatol 1991; 17 (02) 211-216
• 36 Staeubli HU, Bollmann C, Kreutz R, Becker W, Rauschning W. Quantification of intact quadriceps tendon, quadriceps tendon insertion, and suprapatellar fat pad: MR arthrography, anatomy, and cryosections in the sagittal plane. Am J Roentgenol 1999; 173 (03) 691-698
• 37 Tsavalas N, Karantanas AH. Suprapatellar fat-pad mass effect: MRI findings and correlation with anterior knee pain. Am J Roentgenol 2013; 200 (03) W291-6
• 38 Roth C, Jacobson J, Jamadar D, Caoili E, Morag Y, Housner J. Quadriceps fat pad signal intensity and enlargement on MRI: prevalence and associated findings. Am J Roentgenol 2004; 182 (06) 1383-1387
• 39 Shabshin N, Schweitzer ME, Morrison WB. Quadriceps fat pad edema: significance on magnetic resonance images of the knee. Skeletal Radiol 2006; 35 (05) 269-274
• 40 Borja MJ, Jose J, Vecchione D, Clifford PD, Lesniak BP. Prefemoral fat pad impingement syndrome: identification and diagnosis. Am J Orthop 2013; 42 (01) E9-E11
• 41 Koyama S, Tensho K, Shimodaira H. et al. A case of prefemoral fat pad impingement syndrome caused by hyperplastic fat pad. Case Rep Orthop 2018; 2018: 3583049
• 42 Kim Y-M, Shin H-D, Yang J-Y, Kim K-C, Kwon S-T, Kim J-M. Prefemoral fat pad: impingement and a mass-like protrusion on the lateral femoral condyle causing mechanical symptoms. A case report. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2007; 15 (06) 786-789
• 43 Bernstein AD, Jazrawi LM, Rose DJ. Arthroscopic treatment of an intra-articular lipoma of the knee joint. Arthroscopy 2001; 17 (05) 539-541
• 44 Brukner P. Anterior knee pain. Aust Fam Physician 1996; 25 (06) 908-914
• 45 Skaf AY, Hernandez Filho G, Dirim B. et al. Pericruciate fat pad of the knee: anatomy and pericruciate fat pad inflammation: cadaveric and clinical study emphasizing MR imaging. Skeletal Radiol 2012; 41 (12) 1591-1596
• 46 Sobczak S, Dugailly P-M, Feipel V. et al. In vitro biomechanical study of femoral torsion disorders: effect on moment arms of thigh muscles. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2013; 28 (02) 187-192
• 47 Simeone FJ, Kheterpal A, Chang CY. et al. Ultrasound-guided injection for the diagnosis and treatment of posteromedial knee friction syndrome. Skeletal Radiol 2019; 48 (04) 563-568
• 48 Klontzas ME, Akoumianakis ID, Vagios I, Karantanas AH. MR imaging findings of medial tibial crest friction. Eur J Radiol 2013; 82 (11) e703-e706
• 49 Johnson WO, Johnson AC, Payne JM. A case of medial tibial crest friction syndrome: a rare cause of medial knee pain. Clin J Sport Med 2021; 31 (04) e210-e212