Principles of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Application to Auditory Neuroscience

Anthony T. Cacace; Talin Tasciyan; Joseph P. Cousins

doi:10.1055/s-0042-1748052

Journal of the American Academy of Audiology, Inhaltsverzeichnis

J Am Acad Audiol 2000; 11(05): 239-272
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1748052

SPECIAL TUTORIAL

Principles of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Application to Auditory Neuroscience

Anthony T. Cacace

Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York

Department of Neurology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York

,

Talin Tasciyan

Sensor Systems, Inc., Sterling, Virginia

,

Joseph P. Cousins

Department of Radiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York

› Institutsangaben

Abstract

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Abstract

Functional imaging based on magnetic resonance methods is a new research frontier for exploring a wide range of central nervous system (CNS) functions, including information processing in sensory, motor, cognitive, and linguistic systems. Being able to localize and study human brain function in vivo, in relatively high resolution and in a noninvasive manner, makes this a technique of unparalleled importance. In order to appreciate and fully understand this area of investigation, a tutorial covering basic aspects of this methodology is presented. We introduce functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) by providing an overview of the studies of different sensory systems in response to modality-specific stimuli, followed by an outline of other areas that have potential clinical relevance to the medical, cognitive, and communicative sciences. The discussion then focuses on the basic principles of magnetic resonance methods including magnetic resonance imaging, MR spectroscopy, fMRI, and the potential role that MR technology may play in understanding a wide range of auditory functions within the CNS, including tinnitus-related activity. Because the content of the material found herein might be unfamiliar to some, we provide a broad range of background and review articles to serve as a technical resource.

Abbreviations: AL = anterior lateral, BOLD = blood oxygen level dependent, Cho = choline, CL = caudal lateral, CNS = central nervous system, CR = creatine, EEG = electroencephalography, EPI = echo planar imaging, ER = event related, ETS = echo-time shifting, fMRI = functional magnetic resonance imaging, FOV = field of view, G = Gauss, GET = gaze-evoked tinnitus, GRE = gradient-recalled echo, MEG = magnetoencephalography, ml = myo-inositol, ML = medial lateral, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, MRS = magnetic resonance spectroscopy, NAA = N-acetylaspartate, NMR = nuclear magnetic resonance, PET = positron emission tomography, PRESTO = principles of echo shifting with a train of observations, RF = radio frequency, ROI = regions of interest, SE = spin echo, STEAM = short-TE stimulated echo acquisition mode, Τ = Tesla, TE = echo time, TR = repetition time

Key Words

Auditory system - functional magnetic resonance imaging - hearing - magnetic resonance spectroscopy - perception - phantom perception - tinnitus

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