1
Second Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
,
Silvia Radová
2
Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, University Hospital Bratislava National Institute of Children's Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia
,
Miriam Kolníková
2
Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, University Hospital Bratislava National Institute of Children's Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia
,
Peter Vlkovič
1
Second Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
,
Michael Zech
3
Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
4
Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
› Author AffiliationsFunding M.Z. receives research support from the German Research Foundation (grant no.: DFG 458949627; ZE 1213/2-1).
ASXL3 loss-of-function variants represent a well-established cause of Bainbridge–Ropers syndrome, a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder with intellectual and motor disabilities. Although a recent large-scale genomics-based study has suggested an association between ASXL3 variation and cerebral palsy, there have been no detailed case descriptions. We report, here, a female individual with a de novo pathogenic c.1210C > T, p.Gln404* nonsense variant in ASXL3, identified within the frame of an ongoing research project applying trio whole-exome sequencing to the diagnosis of dystonic cerebral palsy. The patient presented with a mixture of infantile-onset limb/trunk dystonic postures and secondarily evolving distal spastic contractures, in addition to more typical features of ASXL3-related diseases such as severe feeding issues, intellectual disability, speech impairment, and facial dysmorphic abnormalities. Our case study confirms a role for ASXL3 pathogenic variants in the etiology of cerebral-palsy phenotypes and indicates that dystonic features can be part of the clinical spectrum in Bainbridge–Ropers syndrome. ASXL3 should be added to target-gene lists used for molecular evaluation of cerebral palsy.
2
Bainbridge MN,
Hu H,
Muzny DM.
et al.
De novo truncating mutations in ASXL3 are associated with a novel clinical phenotype with similarities to Bohring-Opitz syndrome. Genome Med 2013; 5 (02) 11
3
Balasubramanian M,
Schirwani S.
. ASXL3-related disorder. In: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, et al., eds. GeneReviews((R)). Seattle, WA: University of Washington, Seattle; 1993
4
Richards S,
Aziz N,
Bale S.
et al;
ACMG Laboratory Quality Assurance Committee.
Standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants: a joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology. Genet Med 2015; 17 (05) 405-424
5
Balasubramanian M,
Willoughby J,
Fry AE.
et al.
Delineating the phenotypic spectrum of Bainbridge-Ropers syndrome: 12 new patients with de novo, heterozygous, loss-of-function mutations in ASXL3 and review of published literature. J Med Genet 2017; 54 (08) 537-543
6
Khan TR,
Dolce A,
Goodspeed K.
A case of Bainbridge-Ropers syndrome with breath holding spells and intractable epilepsy: challenges in diagnosis and management. BMC Neurol 2022; 22 (01) 60
7
Moreno-De-Luca A,
Millan F,
Pesacreta DR.
et al.
Molecular diagnostic yield of exome sequencing in patients with cerebral palsy. JAMA 2021; 325 (05) 467-475
8
Koboldt DC,
Mihalic Mosher T,
Kelly BJ.
et al.
A de novo nonsense mutation in ASXL3 shared by siblings with Bainbridge-Ropers syndrome. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2018; 4 (03) a002410
9
Schirwani S,
Albaba S,
Carere DA.
et al;
DDD Study.
Expanding the phenotype of ASXL3-related syndrome: a comprehensive description of 45 unpublished individuals with inherited and de novo pathogenic variants in ASXL3. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185 (11) 3446-3458
11
Kuechler A,
Czeschik JC,
Graf E.
et al.
Bainbridge-Ropers syndrome caused by loss-of-function variants in ASXL3: a recognizable condition. Eur J Hum Genet 2017; 25 (02) 183-191
12
Dinwiddie DL,
Soden SE,
Saunders CJ,
Miller NA,
Farrow EG,
Smith LD,
Kingsmore SF.
De novo frameshift mutation in ASXL3 in a patient with global developmental delay, microcephaly, and craniofacial anomalies. BMC Med Genomics 2013; 6: 32
13
Cuddapah VA,
Dubbs HA,
Adang L.
et al.
Understanding the phenotypic spectrum of ASXL-related disease: Ten cases and a review of the literature. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185 (06) 1700-1711
14
Moreno-De-Luca A,
Millan F,
Pesacreta DR.
et al.
Molecular diagnostic yield of exome sequencing in patients with cerebral palsy. JAMA 2022; 325 (05) 467-475