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CC BY 4.0 · SynOpen 2023; 07(04): 680-689
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751511
paper

Gum Acacia Stabilized Ag-TiO2 and Ag-SiO2: Sustainable Nanocatalysts for Direct and Convenient Synthesis of 5-Substituted 1H-tetrazoles

Supriya Prakash∗
a   Department of Chemistry, Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad-500090, India
,
Bojja Sreedhar
b   Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
,
N. V. S. Naidu
c   Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517501, India
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Abstract

We describe the use of biocompatible gum acacia (GA)-assembled Ag-TiO2 and Ag-SiO2 nanostructures as effective heterogeneous catalysts for the synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles through the traditional [3+2] cycloaddition of aryl nitriles with sodium azides. Characterization of the prepared catalysts employing TEM, XPS, FE-SEM, FT-IR, XRD, and TGA-DTG reveals silver nanoparticles encapsulated in the GA matrix amidst modified nano titania or silica. A variety of structurally divergent aryl nitriles were converted into the corresponding tetrazoles in a short reaction time. Other advantages include low catalytic load, easy handling of catalyst, limited use of toxic reagents, and desirable conversion yields, making this protocol a viable and practical alternative for this cyclization. The catalysts can be easily recovered and reused over multiple cycles without significant loss of catalytic activity.

Key words

nanohybrids - biocomposites - 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles - gum acacia - silver nanoparticles

Supporting Information

    Supporting information for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1751511.
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Publication History

Received: 07 August 2023

Accepted after revision: 18 August 2023

Article published online:
23 November 2023

© 2023. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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