Management Strategies for Benign Biliary Strictures

Frank Yuan; Eric D. Saunders; Julian McDonald; Aneri Balar; Jacob Pence; Chad K. Brady; Marshall Hutchison; Robert Grammer

doi:10.1055/s-0042-1755312

Digestive Disease Interventions, Inhaltsverzeichnis

Digestive Disease Interventions 2022; 06(03): 174-184
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1755312

Review Article

Management Strategies for Benign Biliary Strictures

Frank Yuan

⁵Department of Radiology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California

,

Eric D. Saunders

¹Department of Radiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia

²Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia

,

Julian McDonald

³Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland

,

Aneri Balar

¹Department of Radiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia

,

Jacob Pence

⁴Department of Radiology, WVU School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia

,

Chad K. Brady

¹Department of Radiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia

²Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia

,

Marshall Hutchison

¹Department of Radiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia

²Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia

,

Robert Grammer

¹Department of Radiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia

²Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia

› Institutsangaben

Abstract

Biliary stricture is the abnormal narrowing of the biliary ductal system, leading to bile stasis and eventual ductal obstruction and dilatation. Common etiologies of biliary strictures can be broadly classified based on benign or malignant causes. The pathogenesis of benign biliary strictures (BBSs) can be a sequela of several causes, including iatrogenic, inflammatory, ischemic, infectious, and immunologic etiologies. Among the common causes of BBS, an iatrogenic biliary ductal injury sustained during hepatobiliary surgeries is the most frequently reported cause of BBS. Clinically, patients with BBS can present with obstructive biliary symptoms, and urgent biliary decompressive interventions are frequently required to prevent fatal complications. Cross-sectional imaging such as MR cholangiopancreatography enables timely evaluation of the stricture and facilitates therapeutic planning. The primary objective in managing biliary strictures (both benign and malignant) is to achieve permanent ductal patency and minimize the need for repeated interventions. A multidisciplinary team of gastroenterologists, interventional radiologists, and hepatobiliary surgeons is generally involved in caring for patients with BBS. This review provides a summary of clinically available endoscopic, percutaneous, and surgical biliary interventions for the management of patients with BBS.

Keywords

benign biliary strictures - biliary stenting - biliary drainage

Volltext

Referenzen

References
1 Kapoor BS, Mauri G, Lorenz JM. Management of biliary strictures: state-of-the-art review. Radiology 2018; 289 (03) 590-603
2 Shanbhogue AKP, Tirumani SH, Prasad SR, Fasih N, McInnes M. Benign biliary strictures: a current comprehensive clinical and imaging review. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2011; 197 (02) W295-W306
3 Bismuth H. The biliary tract. In: Blumgart LH. ed. Clinical Surgery International. Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone; 1982: 209-218
4 Strasberg SM, Hertl M, Soper NJ. An analysis of the problem of biliary injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Am Coll Surg 1995; 180 (01) 101-125
5 Kahl S, Zimmermann S, Genz I. et al. Risk factors for failure of endoscopic stenting of biliary strictures in chronic pancreatitis: a prospective follow-up study. Am J Gastroenterol 2003; 98 (11) 2448-2453
6 Pozsár J, Sahin P, László F, Forró G, Topa L. Medium-term results of endoscopic treatment of common bile duct strictures in chronic calcifying pancreatitis with increasing numbers of stents. J Clin Gastroenterol 2004; 38 (02) 118-123
7 Rustagi T, Jamidar PA. Endoscopic management of benign biliary strictures. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2015; 17 (01) 422
8 Visrodia KH, Tabibian JH, Baron TH. Endoscopic management of benign biliary strictures. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2015; 7 (11) 1003-1013
9 Costamagna G, Pandolfi M, Mutignani M, Spada C, Perri V. Long-term results of endoscopic management of postoperative bile duct strictures with increasing numbers of stents. Gastrointest Endosc 2001; 54 (02) 162-168
10 Costamagna G, Tringali A, Mutignani M. et al. Endotherapy of postoperative biliary strictures with multiple stents: results after more than 10 years of follow-up. Gastrointest Endosc 2010; 72 (03) 551-557
11 Draganov P, Hoffman B, Marsh W, Cotton P, Cunningham J. Long-term outcome in patients with benign biliary strictures treated endoscopically with multiple stents. Gastrointest Endosc 2002; 55 (06) 680-686
12 Siiki A, Helminen M, Sand J, Laukkarinen J. Covered self-expanding metal stents may be preferable to plastic stents in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis-related biliary strictures: a systematic review comparing 2 methods of stent therapy in benign biliary strictures. J Clin Gastroenterol 2014; 48 (07) 635-643
13 Deviere J, Cremer M, Baize M, Love J, Sugai B, Vandermeeren A. Management of common bile duct stricture caused by chronic pancreatitis with metal mesh self expandable stents. Gut 1994; 35 (01) 122-126
14 Kahaleh M, Tokar J, Le T, Yeaton P. Removal of self-expandable metallic Wallstents. Gastrointest Endosc 2004; 60 (04) 640-644
15 van Boeckel PGA, Vleggaar FP, Siersema PD. Plastic or metal stents for benign extrahepatic biliary strictures: a systematic review. BMC Gastroenterol 2009; 9: 96
16 Zheng X, Wu J, Sun B. et al. Clinical outcome of endoscopic covered metal stenting for resolution of benign biliary stricture: systematic review and meta-analysis. Dig Endosc 2017; 29 (02) 198-210
17 Chaput U, Scatton O, Bichard P. et al. Temporary placement of partially covered self-expandable metal stents for anastomotic biliary strictures after liver transplantation: a prospective, multicenter study. Gastrointest Endosc 2010; 72 (06) 1167-1174
18 Hu B, Gao DJ, Wu J, Wang TT, Yang XM, Ye X. Intraductal radiofrequency ablation for refractory benign biliary stricture: pilot feasibility study. Dig Endosc 2014; 26 (04) 581-585
19 Akinci D, Unal E, Ciftci TT, Kyendyebai S, Abbasoglu O, Akhan O. Endobiliary radiofrequency ablation in the percutaneous management of refractory benign bilioenteric anastomosis strictures. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2019; 212 (03) W83-W91
20 Altman A, Zangan SM. Benign biliary strictures. Semin Intervent Radiol 2016; 33 (04) 297-306
21 Ahmed O, Mathevosian S, Arslan B. Biliary interventions: tools and techniques of the trade, access, cholangiography, biopsy, cholangioscopy, cholangioplasty, stenting, stone extraction, and brachytherapy. Semin Intervent Radiol 2016; 33 (04) 283-290
22 Ring EJ, Husted JW, Oleaga JA, Freiman DB. A multihole catheter for maintaining long term percutaneous antegrade biliary drainage. Radiology 1979; 132 (03) 752-754
23 Ludwig JM, Webber GR, Knechtle SJ, Spivey JR, Xing M, Kim HS. Percutaneous management of benign biliary strictures with large-bore catheters: Comparison between patients with and without orthotopic liver transplantation. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016; 27 (02) 219-225.e1
24 DePietro DM, Shlansky-Goldberg RD, Soulen MC. et al. Long-term outcomes of a benign biliary stricture protocol. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2015; 26 (07) 1032-1039
25 Gwon DI, Sung KB, Ko GY, Yoon HK, Lee SG. Dual catheter placement technique for treatment of biliary anastomotic strictures after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2011; 17 (02) 159-166
26 Saad WEA, Davies MG, Saad NEA. et al. Transhepatic dilation of anastomotic biliary strictures in liver transplant recipients with use of a combined cutting and conventional balloon protocol: technical safety and efficacy. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2006; 17 (05) 837-843
27 van Boeckel PGA, Vleggaar FP, Siersema PD. Plastic or metal stents for benign extrahepatic biliary strictures: a systematic review. BMC Gastroenterol 2009; 9: 96
28 Yun G, Yoon CJ, Seong NJ. Percutaneous treatment of benign bilioenteric anastomotic strictures: temporary covered stent placement versus balloon dilatation. Eur Radiol 2019; 29 (05) 2690-2697
29 Ye P, Zeng Q, Miao H, Pang H, Chen Y. Percutaneous treatment of benign biliary anastomotic strictures: retrievable covered self-expandable metal stent with fixation string versus large-bore catheters. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2021; 32 (01) 113-120
30 Kucukay F, Okten RS, Yurdakul M. et al. Long-term results of percutaneous biliary balloon dilation treatment for benign hepaticojejunostomy strictures: are repeated balloon dilations necessary?. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2012; 23 (10) 1347-1355 , quiz 1357
31 Kaffes A, Griffin S, Vaughan R. et al. A randomized trial of a fully covered self-expandable metallic stent versus plastic stents in anastomotic biliary strictures after liver transplantation. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2014; 7 (02) 64-71
32 Coté GA, Slivka A, Tarnasky P. et al. Effect of covered metallic stents compared with plastic stents on benign biliary stricture resolution: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2016; 315 (12) 1250-1257
33 Devière J, Nageshwar Reddy D, Püspök A. et al; Benign Biliary Stenoses Working Group. Successful management of benign biliary strictures with fully covered self-expanding metal stents. Gastroenterology 2014; 147 (02) 385-395 , quiz e15
34 Gwon DI, Ko GY, Ko HK, Yoon HK, Sung KB. Percutaneous transhepatic treatment using retrievable covered stents in patients with benign biliary strictures: mid-term outcomes in 68 patients. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58 (11) 3270-3279
35 Kahaleh M, Behm B, Clarke BW. et al. Temporary placement of covered self-expandable metal stents in benign biliary strictures: a new paradigm? (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2008; 67 (03) 446-454
36 Mauri G, Michelozzi C, Melchiorre F. et al. Benign biliary strictures refractory to standard bilioplasty treated using polydoxanone biodegradable biliary stents: retrospective multicentric data analysis on 107 patients. Eur Radiol 2016; 26 (11) 4057-4063
37 Adamsen S, Hansen OH, Funch-Jensen P, Schulze S, Stage JG, Wara P. Bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective nationwide series. J Am Coll Surg 1997; 184 (06) 571-578
38 Hall JG, Pappas TN. Current management of biliary strictures. J Gastrointest Surg 2004; 8 (08) 1098-1110
39 Bergman JJ, van den Brink GR, Rauws EA. et al. Treatment of bile duct lesions after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Gut 1996; 38 (01) 141-147
40 Kapoor VK. Bile duct injury repair: when? what? who?. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2007; 14 (05) 476-479
41 Dumonceau JM, Devière J, Delhaye M, Baize M, Cremer M. Plastic and metal stents for postoperative benign bile duct strictures: the best and the worst. Gastrointest Endosc 1998; 47 (01) 8-17
42 Frattaroli FM, Reggio D, Guadalaxara A, Illomei G, Pappalardo G. Benign biliary strictures: a review of 21 years of experience. J Am Coll Surg 1996; 183 (05) 506-513
43 Shimada H, Endo I, Shimada K, Matsuyama R, Kobayashi N, Kubota K. The current diagnosis and treatment of benign biliary stricture. Surg Today 2012; 42 (12) 1143-1153
44 Tocchi A, Costa G, Lepre L, Liotta G, Mazzoni G, Sita A. The long-term outcome of hepaticojejunostomy in the treatment of benign bile duct strictures. Ann Surg 1996; 224 (02) 162-167
45 Huszár O, Kokas B, Mátrai P. et al. Meta-analysis of the long term success rate of different interventions in benign biliary strictures. PLoS One 2017; 12 (01) e0169618
46 Pellegrini CA, Thomas MJ, Way LW. Recurrent biliary stricture. Patterns of recurrence and outcome of surgical therapy. Am J Surg 1984; 147 (01) 175-180
47 Sah DN, Bhandari RS. Iatrogenic bile duct injury during cholecystectomy presenting after 11 years as a biliary stricture: a case report. J Med Case Reports 2020; 14 (01) 16
48 Zepeda-Gómez S, Baron TH. Benign biliary strictures: current endoscopic management. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 8 (10) 573-581
49 van Berkel AM, Cahen DL, van Westerloo DJ, Rauws EA, Huibregtse K, Bruno MJ. Self-expanding metal stents in benign biliary strictures due to chronic pancreatitis. Endoscopy 2004; 36 (05) 381-384
50 Costamagna G, Tringali A, Mutignani M. et al. Endotherapy of postoperative biliary strictures with multiple stents: results after more than 10 years of follow-up. Gastrointest Endosc 2010; 72 (03) 551-557
51 Tuvignon N, Liguory C, Ponchon T. et al. Long-term follow-up after biliary stent placement for postcholecystectomy bile duct strictures: a multicenter study. Endoscopy 2011; 43 (03) 208-216
52 Parlak E, Dişibeyaz S, Ödemiş B. et al. Endoscopic treatment of patients with bile duct stricture after cholecystectomy: factors predicting recurrence in the long term. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60 (06) 1778-1786
53 Haapamäki C, Kylänpää L, Udd M. et al. Randomized multicenter study of multiple plastic stents vs. covered self-expandable metallic stent in the treatment of biliary stricture in chronic pancreatitis. Endoscopy 2015; 47 (07) 605-610
54 Tarantino I, Mangiavillano B, Di Mitri R. et al. Fully covered self-expandable metallic stents in benign biliary strictures: a multicenter study on efficacy and safety. Endoscopy 2012; 44 (10) 923-927
55 Saxena P, Diehl DL, Kumbhari V. et al. A US multicenter study of safety and efficacy of fully covered self-expandable metallic stents in benign extrahepatic biliary strictures. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60 (11) 3442-3448
56 Coté GA, Slivka A, Tarnasky P. et al. Effect of covered metallic stents compared with plastic stents on benign biliary stricture resolution: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2016; 315 (12) 1250-1257
57 Siiki A, Rinta-Kiikka I, Sand J, Laukkarinen J. A pilot study of endoscopically inserted biodegradable biliary stents in the treatment of benign biliary strictures and cystic duct leaks. Gastrointest Endosc 2018; 87 (04) 1132-1137
58 Köcher M, Cerná M, Havlík R, Král V, Gryga A, Duda M. Percutaneous treatment of benign bile duct strictures. Eur J Radiol 2007; 62 (02) 170-174
59 Glas L, Courbière M, Ficarelli S, Milot L, Mennesson N, Pilleul F. Long-term outcome of percutaneous transhepatic therapy for benign bilioenteric anastomotic strictures. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2008; 19 (09) 1336-1343
60 Cantwell CP, Pena CS, Gervais DA, Hahn PF, Dawson SL, Mueller PR. Thirty years' experience with balloon dilation of benign postoperative biliary strictures: long-term outcomes. Radiology 2008; 249 (03) 1050-1057
61 Bonnel DH, Fingerhut AL. Percutaneous transhepatic balloon dilatation of benign bilioenteric strictures: long-term results in 110 patients. Am J Surg 2012; 203 (06) 675-683
62 Janssen JJ, van Delden OM, van Lienden KP. et al. Percutaneous balloon dilatation and long-term drainage as treatment of anastomotic and nonanastomotic benign biliary strictures. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2014; 37 (06) 1559-1567
63 Citron SJ, Martin LG. Benign biliary strictures: treatment with percutaneous cholangioplasty. Radiology 1991; 178 (02) 339-341
64 Born P, Rösch T, Brühl K. et al. Long-term results of endoscopic and percutaneous transhepatic treatment of benign biliary strictures. Endoscopy 1999; 31 (09) 725-731
65 Ramos-De la Medina A, Misra S, Leroy AJ, Sarr MG. Management of benign biliary strictures by percutaneous interventional radiologic techniques (PIRT). HPB (Oxford) 2008; 10 (06) 428-432
66 Zajko AB, Sheng R, Zetti GM, Madariaga JR, Bron KM. Transhepatic balloon dilation of biliary strictures in liver transplant patients: a 10-year experience. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1995; 6 (01) 79-83
67 Roumilhac D, Poyet G, Sergent G. et al. Long-term results of percutaneous management for anastomotic biliary stricture after orthotopic liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2003; 9 (04) 394-400