Metástase do eixo axial

Resumo

As metástases no eixo axial permanecem um desafio para o tratamento cirúrgico bem como para outras modalidades, como quimioterapia, imunoterapia e radioterapia. É inequívoco que a cirurgia proporciona melhorias na dor e na preservação do status neurológico; porém, há permanência desta condição quando associada à radioterapia e a outras modalidades de tratamento. Nesta revisão damos ênfase às formas de tratamento cirúrgico atuais nas diferentes regiões da coluna vertebral e pelve. A evidente possibilidade de tratamentos percutâneos está relacionada a casos iniciais ou tardios, bem como a casos em que há maiores riscos e instabilidade às cirurgias convencionais associadas à radioterapia, e tem se mostrado a opção adequada para o controle local da doença metastática.

Palavras-chave

coluna vertebral - pelve - neoplasias ósseas - fraturas espontâneas

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 22. Juni 2021

Angenommen: 14. Juni 2022

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
24. März 2023

• Referências

• 1 Bogduk N. Functional anatomy of the spine. Handb Clin Neurol 2016; 136: 675-688
• 2 Whyne CM. Biomechanics of metastatic disease in the vertebral column. Neurol Res 2014; 36 (06) 493-501
• 3 Bakar D, Tanenbaum JE, Phan K. et al. Decompression surgery for spinal metastases: a systematic review. Neurosurg Focus 2016; 41 (02) E2
• 4 Patchell RA, Tibbs PA, Regine WF. et al. Direct decompressive surgical resection in the treatment of spinal cord compression caused by metastatic cancer: a randomised trial. Lancet 2005; 366 (9486): 643-648
• 5 Bubendorf L, Schöpfer A, Wagner U. et al. Metastatic patterns of prostate cancer: an autopsy study of 1,589 patients. Hum Pathol 2000; 31 (05) 578-583
• 6 Lee YT. Breast carcinoma: pattern of metastasis at autopsy. J Surg Oncol 1983; 23 (03) 175-180
• 7 Chia SK, Speers CH, D'yachkova Y. et al. The impact of new chemotherapeutic and hormone agents on survival in a population-based cohort of women with metastatic breast cancer. Cancer 2007; 110 (05) 973-979
• 8 Ryan CJ, Elkin EP, Cowan J, Carroll PR. Initial treatment patterns and outcome of contemporary prostate cancer patients with bone metastases at initial presentation: data from CaPSURE. Cancer 2007; 110 (01) 81-86
• 9 Walker MS, Miller PJ, Namjoshi M, Houts AC, Stepanski EJ, Schwartzberg LS. Relationship between incidence of fracture and health-related quality-of-life in metastatic breast cancer patients with bone metastases. J Med Econ 2013; 16 (01) 179-189
• 10 Maccauro G, Spinelli MS, Mauro S, Perisano C, Graci C, Rosa MA. Physiopathology of spine metastasis. Int J Surg Oncol 2011; 2011: 107969
• 11 Jesus-Garcia R, Moura M, Granata Junior GSM. et al. Metástases de origem primária desconhecida: primeira manifestação no tecido ósseo. Orientação para o diagnóstico do tumor primário. Rev Bras Ortop 1996; 31 (11) 941-946
• 12 Bontoux D, Alcalay M. , Eds. Cancer secondaire des os. Paris: Expansion scientifique Française; 1997
• 13 Resnik D. Skeletal Metastases. Diagnosis of bone and joints disorders. 4th ed. Philadephia: Saunders; 2002
• 14 Hoppenfield S. Exame Clinico Musculoesquelético. Tradução de Claudia Coana. Barueri, SP: Manole; 2016
• 15 Barros Filho TEP, Basile Junior R. Coluna Vertebral - diagnostico e tratamento das principais patologias. São Paulo: Sarvier; 1995
• 16 Spinelli MS, Ziranu A, Piccioli A, Maccauro G. Surgical treatment of acetabular metastasis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2016; 20 (14) 3005-3010
• 17 Camargo OP. Abordagem atual das lesões ósseas benignas. Rev Bras Ortop 2000; 35 (07) 227-230
• 18 Laredo JD, Lakhdari K, Bellaïche L, Hamze B, Janklewicz P, Tubiana JM. Acute vertebral collapse: CT findings in benign and malignant nontraumatic cases. Radiology 1995; 194 (01) 41-48
• 19 Liu T, Cheng T, Xu W, Yan WL, Liu J, Yang HL. A meta-analysis of 18FDG-PET, MRI and bone scintigraphy for diagnosis of bone metastases in patients with breast cancer. Skeletal Radiol 2011; 40 (05) 523-531
• 20 Yang HL, Liu T, Wang XM, Xu Y, Deng SM. Diagnosis of bone metastases: a meta-analysis comparing ¹⁸FDG PET, CT, MRI and bone scintigraphy. Eur Radiol 2011; 21 (12) 2604-2617
• 21 Haubold-Reuter BG, Duewell S, Schilcher BR, Marincek B, von Schulthess GK. The value of bone scintigraphy, bone marrow scintigraphy and fast spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging in staging of patients with malignant solid tumours: a prospective study. Eur J Nucl Med 1993; 20 (11) 1063-1069
• 22 Fogelman I, Cook G, Israel O, Van der Wall H. Positron emission tomography and bone metastases. Semin Nucl Med 2005; 35 (02) 135-142
• 23 Mehta RC, Marks MP, Hinks RS, Glover GH, Enzmann DR. MR evaluation of vertebral metastases: T1-weighted, short-inversion-time inversion recovery, fast spin-echo, and inversion-recovery fast spin-echo sequences. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1995; 16 (02) 281-288
• 24 Fisher CG, DiPaola CP, Ryken TC. et al. A novel classification system for spinal instability in neoplastic disease: an evidence-based approach and expert consensus from the Spine Oncology Study Group. Spine 2010; 35 (22) E1221-E1229
• 25 Tomita K, Kawahara N, Kobayashi T, Yoshida A, Murakami H, Akamaru T. Surgical strategy for spinal metastases. Spine 2001; 26 (03) 298-306
• 26 Tokuhashi Y, Matsuzaki H, Oda H, Oshima M, Ryu J. A revised scoring system for preoperative evaluation of metastatic spine tumor prognosis. Spine 2005; 30 (19) 2186-2191
• 27 Kawahara N, Tomita K, Murakami H, Demura S. Total en bloc spondylectomy for spinal tumors: surgical techniques and related basic background. Orthop Clin North Am 2009; 40 (01) 47-63 , vi
• 28 Bilsky MH, Laufer I, Fourney DR. et al. Reliability analysis of the epidural spinal cord compression scale. J Neurosurg Spine 2010; 13 (03) 324-328
• 29 Boriani S, Weinstein JN, Biagini R. Primary bone tumors of the spine. Terminology and surgical staging. Spine 1997; 22 (09) 1036-1044
• 30 Harrington KD. Metastatic disease of the spine. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1986; 68 (07) 1110-1115
• 31 Oken MM, Creech RH, Tormey DC. et al. Toxicity and response criteria of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Am J Clin Oncol 1982; 5 (06) 649-655
• 32 Karnofsky DA. Clinical evaluation of anticancer drugs: Cancer chemotherapy. GANN Monograph 1967; 2: 223-231
• 33 Bauer HC, Wedin R. Survival after surgery for spinal and extremity metastases. Prognostication in 241 patients. Acta Orthop Scand 1995; 66 (02) 143-146
• 34 van der Linden YM, Dijkstra SP, Vonk EJ, Marijnen CA, Leer JW. Dutch Bone Metastasis Study Group. Prediction of survival in patients with metastases in the spinal column: results based on a randomized trial of radiotherapy. Cancer 2005; 103 (02) 320-328
• 35 Wibmer C, Leithner A, Hofmann G. et al. Survival analysis of 254 patients after manifestation of spinal metastases: evaluation of seven preoperative scoring systems. Spine 2011; 36 (23) 1977-1986
• 36 Rades D, Douglas S, Veninga T. et al. Validation and simplification of a score predicting survival in patients irradiated for metastatic spinal cord compression. Cancer 2010; 116 (15) 3670-3673
• 37 Katagiri H, Okada R, Takagi T. et al. New prognostic factors and scoring system for patients with skeletal metastasis. Cancer Med 2014; 3 (05) 1359-1367
• 38 Rades D, Hueppe M, Schild SE. A score to identify patients with metastatic spinal cord compression who may be candidates for best supportive care. Cancer 2013; 119 (04) 897-903
• 39 Crnalic S, Löfvenberg R, Bergh A, Widmark A, Hildingsson C. Predicting survival for surgery of metastatic spinal cord compression in prostate cancer: a new score. Spine 2012; 37 (26) 2168-2176
• 40 Lei M, Li J, Liu Y, Jiang W, Liu S, Zhou S. Who are the best candidates for decompressive surgery and spine stabilization in patients with metastatic spinal cord compression? A new scoring system. Spine 2016; 41 (18) 1469-1476
• 41 Laufer I, Rubin DG, Lis E. et al. The NOMS framework: approach to the treatment of spinal metastatic tumors. Oncologist 2013; 18 (06) 744-751
• 42 Fan Y, Zhou X, Wang H. et al. The timing of surgical intervention in the treatment of complete motor paralysis in patients with spinal metastasis. Eur Spine J 2016; 25 (12) 4060-4066
• 43 Murakami H, Kawahara N, Demura S, Kato S, Yoshioka K, Tomita K. Neurological function after total en bloc spondylectomy for thoracic spinal tumors. J Neurosurg Spine 2010; 12 (03) 253-256
• 44 Charest-Morin R, Fisher CG, Versteeg AL. et al. Clinical presentation, management and outcomes of sacral metastases: a multicenter, retrospective cohort study. Ann Transl Med 2019; 7 (10) 214
• 45 Müller DA, Capanna R. The surgical treatment of pelvic bone metastases. Adv Orthop 2015; 2015: 525363
• 46 Westbroek EM, Pennington Z, Ehresman J, Ahmed AK, Gailloud P, Sciubba DM. Vertebral Artery Sacrifice versus Skeletonization in the Setting of Cervical Spine Tumor Resection: Case Series. World Neurosurg 2020; 139: e601-e607
• 47 Karam YR, Menezes AH, Traynelis VC. Posterolateral approaches to the craniovertebral junction. Neurosurgery 2010; 66 (3, Suppl) 135-140
• 48 O'Sullivan MD, Lyons F, Morris S, Synnott K, Munigangaiah S, Devitt A. Metastasis Affecting Craniocervical Junction: Current Concepts and an Update on Surgical Management. Global Spine J 2018; 8 (08) 866-871
• 49 Palumbo VD, Fazzotta S, Fatica F. et al. Pancoast tumour: current therapeutic options. Clin Ter 2019; 170 (04) e291-e294
• 50 Tomita K, Kawahara N, Baba H, Tsuchiya H, Fujita T, Toribatake Y. Total en bloc spondylectomy. A new surgical technique for primary malignant vertebral tumors. Spine 1997; 22 (03) 324-333
• 51 Gokaslan ZL, York JE, Walsh GL. et al. Transthoracic vertebrectomy for metastatic spinal tumors. J Neurosurg 1998; 89 (04) 599-609
• 52 Weaver JM, Flynn MB. Hemicorporectomy. J Surg Oncol 2000; 73 (02) 117-124
• 53 Varga PP, Szoverfi Z, Lazary A. Surgical resection and reconstruction after resection of tumors involving the sacropelvic region. Neurol Res 2014; 36 (06) 588-596
• 54 Liu G, Hasan MY, Wong HK. Minimally invasive iliac screw fixation in treating painful metastatic lumbosacral deformity: a technique description and clinical results. Eur Spine J 2016; 25 (12) 4043-4051
• 55 Buraimoh MA, Yu CC, Mott MP, Graziano GP. Sacroiliac stabilization for sacral metastasis: A case series. Surg Neurol Int 2017; 8: 287
• 56 Sammarco AG, Sheyn DD, Krantz TE. et al. A novel measurement of pelvic floor cross-sectional area in older and younger women with and without prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 221 (05) 521.e1-521.e7
• 57 Harrington KD. The management of acetabular insufficiency secondary to metastatic malignant disease. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1981; 63 (04) 653-664
• 58 Wenger M. Vertebroplasty for metastasis. Med Oncol 2003; 20 (03) 203-209
• 59 Lu CW, Shao J, Wu YG. et al. Which Combination Treatment Is Better for Spinal Metastasis: Percutaneous Vertebroplasty With Radiofrequency Ablation, 125I Seed, Zoledronic Acid, or Radiotherapy?. Am J Ther 2019; 26 (01) e38-e44
• 60 Moser TP, Onate M, Achour K, Freire V. Cementoplasty of pelvic bone metastases: systematic assessment of lesion filling and other factors that could affect the clinical outcomes. Skeletal Radiol 2019; 48 (09) 1345-1355