Open Access
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · J Lab Physicians 2023; 15(02): 264-268
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757720
Original Article

Salivary IgA as a Surrogate Biomarker for Microbial Infections in Postoperative Patients Receiving Chemo-Radio-Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer

Preeti Chavan
1   Composite Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer-Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
,
2   Department of Microbiology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer-Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
,
Amit Joshi
3   Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer-Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
,
Tejpal Gupta
4   Department of Radiation Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer-Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra. India
,
Vedang Murthy
4   Department of Radiation Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer-Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra. India
,
Vanita Noronha
3   Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer-Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
,
Divya Rathish
2   Department of Microbiology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer-Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
,
Kumar Prabhash
3   Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer-Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
› Institutsangaben

Funding This study was funded by the Tata Memorial Centre through intramural funds.
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Abstract

Objective Radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT) are important treatment options in patients with head and neck cancers. A common complication of this is microbial colonization or infection of mucosal surfaces. These infections may commonly be due to bacteria or yeasts. Salivary proteins with their buffering activity and immunoglobulin, especially immunoglobulin A (IgA), protect oral tissue, mucosal surfaces, and teeth from various microorganisms. This study characterizes the common microorganisms encountered and evaluates the role of salivary IgA in predicting microbial infections in this group of patients with mucositis.

Methods A total of 150 adult head and neck cancer patients on CTRT were evaluated at baseline and at the end of 3 and 6 weeks, respectively. Oral swabs collected from buccal mucosa were processed in the microbiology laboratory for the presence of microorganisms. Saliva was processed for IgA level estimation on Siemens Dimension Automated biochemistry analyzer.

ResultsPseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most common organisms found in our patients, followed by Escherichia coli and group A beta-hemolytic Streptococci. A significant increase (p = 0.0203) in the incidence of bacterial infection was observed in post-CTRT patients (61%) compared to pre-CTRT patients (49.33%). There was significant increase in levels of salivary IgA (p = 0.003) in patients with bacterial and fungal infection (n = 135/267) when compared to those in samples showing no growth (n = 66/183).

Conclusion A significant increase in the incidence of bacterial infection in post-CTRT patients was observed in this study. This study also indicated that postoperative head and neck cancer patients with oral mucositis that developed an infection were associated with high salivary IgA levels, and it may serve as a surrogate biomarker of infection in these patients.

Note

Part of this study was presented at the 70th AACC annual scientific meeting and clinical lab expo organized in Chicago in 2018 as a poster.


Authors' Contributions

P.D.C., V.G.B., and A.J. researched literature and conceived the study. P.D.C., V.G.B., A.J., T.G., V.M., V.N., R.D., and K.P. were involved in protocol development, gaining ethical approval, and patient recruitment. P.D.C. and V.G.B. did data analysis. P.D.C. wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors reviewed and edited the manuscript and approved the final version of the manuscript.


Ethical Approval

This study was approved by Institutional Ethics Committee (ref no: project no 134, TMC-ACTREC IEC).




Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
30. Januar 2023

© 2023. The Indian Association of Laboratory Physicians. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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