Venous Malformations

Nihal D. Patel; Anthony T. Chong; Avani M. Kolla; Tarub S. Mabud; Kopal Kulkarni; Karim Masrouha; Bedros Taslakian; Frederic J. Bertino

doi:10.1055/s-0042-1757940

Seminars in Interventional Radiology, Table of Contents

Semin intervent Radiol 2022; 39(05): 498-507
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757940

Review Article

Venous Malformations

Nihal D. Patel

¹Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York

,

Anthony T. Chong

¹Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York

,

Avani M. Kolla

²Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York

,

Tarub S. Mabud

¹Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York

,

Kopal Kulkarni

¹Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York

,

Karim Masrouha

⁴Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York

,

Bedros Taslakian

¹Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York

,

Frederic J. Bertino

¹Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York

³Division of Interventional Radiology and Image-Guided Medicine, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Venous malformations, the most common type of vascular malformation, are slow-flow lesions resulting from disorganized angiogenesis. The International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) classification offers a categorization scheme for venous malformations based on their genetic landscapes and association with congenital overgrowth syndromes. Venous malformations present as congenital lesions and can have broad physiologic and psychosocial sequelae depending on their size, location, growth trajectory, and tissue involvement. Diagnostic evaluation is centered around clinical examination, imaging evaluation with ultrasound and time-resolved magnetic resonance imaging, and genetic testing for more complex malformations. Interventional radiology has emerged as first-line management of venous malformations through endovascular treatment with embolization, while surgery and targeted molecular therapies offer additional therapeutic options. In this review, an updated overview of the genetics and clinical presentation of venous malformations in conjunction with key aspects of diagnostic imaging and treatment are discussed.

Keywords

anomalies - malformations - vascular - venous

Full Text

References

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