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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 27(04): e559-e564
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758214
Original Research

Survival Outcomes and Patterns of Failure in Maxillary Alveolus Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Muhammad Umar Qayyum 
1   Department of Surgical Oncology–Head and Neck Surgery, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
2   Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Combined Military Hospital Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
,
Ahmed Ali Keerio
1   Department of Surgical Oncology–Head and Neck Surgery, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
,
Muhammad Faisal
1   Department of Surgical Oncology–Head and Neck Surgery, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
,
Asma Rashid
1   Department of Surgical Oncology–Head and Neck Surgery, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
,
Raza Hussain
1   Department of Surgical Oncology–Head and Neck Surgery, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
,
Arif Jamshed
3   Department of Clinical and Radiation Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
› Author Affiliations Funding The author(s) received no financial support for the research.
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Abstract

Introduction Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the maxillary alveolus is a relatively rare disease. There is lack of data on this subsite as compared with other sites. The factors that affect survival in cases of maxillary alveolar SCC are tumor stage, local and cervical metastases, histological grading, and the margin status.

Objectives To evaluate the overall survival (OS), the disease free survival (DFS), and the complex interaction and effects of margin status, histological differentiation, habits (such as smoking and the use of smokeless tobacco products), and cervical and distant metastases based on clinicopathological data.

Methods We examined the electronic database at our hospital from 2003 to 2017. We included all cases with a histopathological diagnosis of SCC of the maxillary alveolus. Tumors originating primarily from the maxillary alveolus were included, while those originating from adjacent subsites, like the hard palate, the buccal mucosa or the maxillary sinus were excluded. We also excluded all the patients who were not operated on with a curative intent.

Results More than half of the patients had stage-IV tumors at the time of presentation, while only one fourth of them had nodal metastasis. The rate of recurrence increased in cases of primary tumors in advanced stages and the degree of histological differentiation. The 2-year and 5-year OS rates were of 54.5% (18 patients) and 30.3% (10 patients) respectively.

Conclusion Primary tumors in advanced stages, histological grade, and presence of nodal metastasis are poor prognostic markers in terms of long-term survival.

Keywords

squamous cell carcinoma - prognosis - maxilla - survival


Publication History

Received: 24 February 2022

Accepted: 05 June 2022

Article published online:
23 October 2023

© 2023. Fundação Otorrinolaringologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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