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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Arch Plast Surg 2022; 49(06): 773-781
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758636
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Review Article

Evolution of Anatomical Studies on the Arterial, Venous, and Lymphatic System in Plastic Surgery

Soo Jin Woo 
1   Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
,
Hee Tae Koo 
1   Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
,
Seong Oh Park 
2   Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hanyang University Medical Center, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
,
Hiroo Suami 
3   Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
,
Hak Chang 
1   Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract

Anatomies of the vascular and lymphatic systems have been vital research topics in reconstructive surgery. Harvey was a pioneer who provided the earliest descriptions of the cutaneous vasculature in the 17th century. The concept of vascular territories of the skin was first described by Manchot. The radiographic injection method in cadavers was developed by Salman, who defined more than 80 vascular territories. The arterial system has been thoroughly investigated with the development of regional and free flaps. The concept of axial and random pattern flaps was introduced by McGregor and Morgan. Manchot's vascular territories were refined by Taylor and Palmer as the angiosome concept. Detailed information about the venous circulation is essential for reconstructive surgeries. The concept of intrinsic and extrinsic venocutaneous vascular systems was introduced by Nakajima and led to the development of the venoadipofascial flap. The importance of venous augmentation in flap survival was emphasized by Chang. The lymphatic system was discovered much later than the arterial and venous systems. Aselli was credited for discovering the lacteal vessels in the 17th century; mercury was popularly used as a contrast agent to distinguish lymphatic vessels for the next three centuries. A radiographic method in cadavers was developed by Suami. Lymphatic imaging devices are constantly upgrading, and photoacoustic imaging was recently introduced for three-dimensional visualization of architecture of superficial layers of the lymphatic and venous systems.

Keywords

vascular system - lymphatic system - flap - reconstructive surgery

Authors' Contribution

Conceptualization: Suami H, Chang H. Funding acquisition: Chang H. Methodology: Koo HT, Park SO. Writing – original draft: Woo SJ. Writing review & editing: Woo SJ, Suami H, Chang H.




Publication History

Received: 07 December 2021

Accepted: 08 June 2022

Article published online:
13 December 2022

© 2022. The Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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