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CC BY 4.0 · Eur J Dent 2023; 17(04): 1170-1178
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760301
Original Article

Prediction of Lymphovascular and Perineural Invasion of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Combined Expression of p63 and Cyclin D1

Natheer H Al-Rawi 
1   Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
,
Sausan Al Kawas
1   Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
,
Muwaffaq Al Ani
2   Department of ENT, Tawam Hospital, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
,
Ahmed Sameer Alnuaimi
3   Primary Health Care Cooperation (PHCC), Doha, Qatar
,
Walid EL-Sayed
4   Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
5   Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
,
Mohammad S. Alrashdan
1   Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
6   Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
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Abstract

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the value of immune expression of p63 and cyclin D1 in the prediction of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and perineural invasion (PNI) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Materials and Methods Clinical and histopathologic features of 65 subjects with histologically confirmed OSCC were collected. Tissue microarray blocks representing all subjects were prepared for the immunohistochemical quantification of the nuclear expression of p63 and cyclin D1 using immune ratio plugin of image J software. Image analysis was performed by two independent pathologists. Independent samples t-test, analysis of variance, and receiver operating characteristic curve tests were used for statistical analysis. The level of significance was set at p≤ 0.05.

Results The optimum cutoff value for the prediction of LVI for p63 and cyclin D1 was found to be 100 and 93.2, respectively, while the optimum cutoff value for the prediction of PNI for p63 and cyclin D1 was found to be 95.9 and 94, respectively. p63 and cyclin D1 expression correlated with several clinicopathologic features of the studied population. p63 expression was a significant predictor of moderate/poorly differentiated OSCC compared with well-differentiated OSCC. A parallel combination of positive p63 and cyclin D1 increased the specificity of predicting LVI from 89.1% and 67.4% for either p63 or cyclin D1, respectively, to 93.5% with a positive predictive value of 92.5%. Similarly, the parallel combination of the two markers raised the specificity of predicting PNI from 70% and 77.5% for either p63 or cyclin D1, respectively, to 90% with a positive predictive value of 86.3%.

Conclusion Combined overexpression of nuclear markers p63 and cyclin D1 can be considered as a valuable independent predictor of LVI and PNI, and hence tumor progression, in OSCC.

Keywords

p63 - cyclin D1 - lymphovascular invasion - perineural invasion - tissue microarray - oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Declarations


Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate

This study was supported by the Ethics committee of Tawam General Hospital and has been performed in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki.


Consent for Publication

A permission was obtained from hospital authority to publish the data.


Availability of Data and Materials

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.


Conflict of interest

None declared.


Authors' Contributions

NH designed the work; MA contributed to the acquisition of the data; NH and AA helped in interpretation of data; SA, WE, and MA drafted and reviewed the draft; AA was involved in statistical analyses.




Publication History

Article published online:
30 January 2023

© 2023. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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